NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES (NJAS)
The Nigerian Journal of African Studies (ISSN: 2734-3146) is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of scholarly research on the diverse cultures, histories, languages, philosophies, and socio-political systems of Africa, with a particular emphasis on Nigeria and West Africa. NJAS provides a dynamic platform for interdisciplinary dialogue among scholars in the humanities and social sciences, including but not limited to African history, literature, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, political science, gender studies, and cultural studies. The journal is committed to advancing critical thought on African experiences, indigenous knowledge systems, and contemporary issues affecting the continent, while fostering intellectual exchange that bridges local and global perspectives. Through rigorous academic standards and inclusive scholarship, NJAS seeks to contribute meaningfully to the evolving discourse on African identity, heritage, and development. NJAS is a publication of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
ACCOMMODATION STRATEGIES IN CHINUA ACHEBE’S A MAN OF THE PEOPLE
The paper examines accommodation strategies adopted by speakers in their interactions. In oral discourse, the speech of speakers is often similar to the speech pattern of their addressees or they differ from it. The process is referred to as speech accommodation. A speaker is said to converge to the speech of the addressee if the speech is similar or to diverge when it is away from it. Many factors motivate accommodation. A person can be induced or can induce another to judge him or her more favourably by reducing differences between the two done possibly to gain social approval. This is convergence behaviour. Conversely, if a person desired to be judged less favourably, the shift in behaviour will be away from the behaviour of the person or others. A desire to get on well with others and make them comfortable is another. Using Chinua Achebe’s A Man of the People, this study seeks to identify the accommodation strategies adopted by the characters and the motivations for the strategies. It also seeks to determine the impacts on the behaviour of the interlocutors. To achieve these objectives, eight sample excerpts purposively selected from the text were used as data. Findings revealed that convergent and divergent strategies identified were mainly motivated by topic under discussion, a desire to get on well with others and make them comfortable, the topic under discussion, the setting and a desire to be judged less favourably informed by social distance. In conclusion, convergence accommodation strategy adopted by the interlocutors strengthened their solidarity and cordial relationship while divergence strategy encouraged ill-feelings.
ACCOMMODATION STRATEGIES IN CHIMAMANDA ADICHIE’S AMERICANAH
The paper examines accommodation strategies adopted by speakers in their interactions in Adichie’s Americanah. In oral discourse, the speech of speakers is often similar to the speech pattern of their addressees or they differ from it. The process is referred to as speech accommodation. A speaker is said to converge to the speech of the addressee when it is similar or to diverge when it is away from it. Using Chimamanda Adichie’s Americanah, this study seeks to identify the accommodation strategies adopted by the characters and the motivations for the strategies .It also seeks to identify the varieties of language the author employed to reflect the social classes of the characters. To achieve these objectives, eight sample excerpts purposively selected from the text were used as data. Findings revealed that both convergence and divergence strategies identified were mainly motivated by the topic under discussion and the setting. Again, convergence strategies identified were motivated by a desire to get on well with others and make them comfortable while divergence strategies were motivated by a desire to be judged less favourably which in turn reflects social distance.
PERFORMING POVERTY: ENTERTAINING FOR ALMS AND EMERGING VOICES IN STREET PERFORMANCE IN AWKA
This study examines street begging as a form of performance and investigates how visually impaired street beggars in Awka transform poverty into performative acts through entertainment-oriented strategies aimed at attracting alms. Anchored in Richard Schechner's Performance Theory, the study adopts a qualitative research design utilizing participant observation and content analysis of four selected visually impaired mobile beggars operating in public spaces across Awka. The findings reveal that the beggars employ organized artistic and communicative techniques such as musical performances, praise singing, storytelling, instrumental display, vocal modulation, bodily expression, and strategic spatial positioning to engage passersby and sustain audience interaction. These performative practices function not only as survival strategies but also as forms of informal street theatre that communicate socio-economic realities, vulnerability, and resilience within urban spaces. The study further reveals that the interaction between beggars and passersby reflects core theatrical elements, including performers, audiences, performance spaces, and symbolic communication. It argues that entertaining for alms constitutes an emerging mode of street performance that challenges conventional notions of theatre as being restricted to formal stages and professionally trained performers. The study concludes that street beggars represent marginalized yet significant voices within contemporary Nigerian street performance culture. The study therefore recommends broader scholarly engagement with alternative, informal, and everyday performance traditions in Nigeria as part of efforts to expand the boundaries of theatre and performance studies.
Kosy Añulika Okafor (PhD); Geraldine Ebele Ojukwu (PhD)
THE PLAYWRIGHT IN A STATE OF TERROR: A CRITICAL ANALYSES OF TWO SELECTED PLAYS
For several years, the problems confronting the nations of the world in general and Nigeria in particular have been reduced to economics, politics, and incessant terrorist attacks. Such plays like Asigbo’s – The Reign of Pascal Amusu; and Rotimi’s If… support this claim. However, for the artist to remain relevant in Nigeria’s socio-cultural and political environment, the artist must first be relevant to the society, for as long as that society exists. He must change with the times. He must understand and have factual knowledge of his immediate society and most importantly, be in a position to wage war against continuous terrorist activities through his/her creative works. It is in fact the Playwright’s sense of duty to think outside the boundaries of acceptable opinion and dare to audaciously say things which no one else would dare to say. This is where the media fails sometimes; recalling the events of 9/11 where the media continually failed in its job to serve as investigator that is charged with the task of thinking outside the box and conscientizing society. Based on this outlook, this research paper seeks to critically examine the role of the Playwright in a State of Terror and discovers that the transcendent nature of theatre as an art, not only shows us the beauty of everyday life, but can also go beyond everyday politics and media publicity to critically address the problems of the day. By way of example, the selected plays reflect the various ways through which the Playwright exposes terrorism and responds to the atrocities of terror in the Nigeria space. In the end, it is the Playwright who triumphs over the conventional wisdom and challenges the reader/spectator to do the same.
Kosy Anulika Okafor Ph.D.; Alex C. Asigbo Ph.D
WOMEN'S ECONOMIC AGENCY IN PRE-COLONIAL OKPELLA, EDO STATE NIGERIA (C. 1400–1904)
This study examines the economic agency of women in pre-colonial Okpella, a Benin-derived clan in northern Edo State, Nigeria, from the foundational migration of c. 1400 to the eve of British colonisation in 1904. Drawing on oral traditions, colonial records, and archaeological inferences, it traces women’s pivotal roles across shifting cultivation, food processing, craft production (pottery, mat-weaving, and ritual masks), livestock rearing, and intra-regional trade via head porterage and periodic markets. Gendered divisions of labour, guild organisation, and inheritance patterns enabled women to control resources, expand household production, and sustain inter group exchange networks with Nupe, Esan, and Ebira neighbours. The analysis establishes a pre-1904 baseline for understanding subsequent colonial transformations in women’s economic status.
Ayodele Samuel ABOLORUNDE, PhD; Arebamen, Donald Dennis
Philosophy of the Arts: Aesthetic Foundations of Creativity and Performance
This research explores the philosophical foundations that underlie artistic creativity and performance. It examines how aesthetic theory, as a branch of philosophy, provides a framework for understanding art as a mode of knowing, expressing, and creating meaning. Through an analysis of creativity as both an ontological and phenomenological process, the chapter situates performance within the continuum of aesthetic experience, ethics, and social meaning. Drawing from traditional Igbo Worldview and on Western thinkers such as Aristotle, Kant, Hegel, Dewey, and contemporary theorists of embodiment and process philosophy, it argues that art is not merely a product of imagination but a living dialogue between the artist, the audience, and the world.
Dr. Francis Okechukwu Ndubuisi; Dr. PhilipMary Ayika
FAMILILYHOOD IN PLATO’S FEMINISM AND THE POLITICS OF FEMALE GENDER IDENTITY
The question of gender equality has been a perennial concern. Human beings possess different natural capacities in accordance with their dual nature as homo socius and homo politicus. While some argue that these differences imply inequality, others advocate equality, and still others advance an extreme egalitarian position that assumes all individuals are identical and should receive equal life chances. Using the philosophical methods of exposition and analysis, this study explores the contributions of Plato as a pioneer among those who argue for the abolition of the nuclear family as a means of enabling women to function equally with men in society. It also examines the perspectives of Hannah Arendt and Susan Moller Okin, among others, on the question of gender equality. The paper further argues that Plato’s proposal to abolish the nuclear family does not entail the complete elimination of family life, as is often assumed. Rather, it represents a transformation of the private family into a unified collective structure embodied in the state. Supporting this view, the paper draws on the argument of Véronique Mottier, who maintains that the nuclear family cannot be entirely abolished without undermining the very purpose for which it would be replaced, such as a state-run system akin to a well-regulated orphanage. While this study acknowledges that total egalitarianism is largely utopian, it concludes that a more viable approach to addressing gender inequality lies in emphasizing shared human attributes while also encouraging the development of the unique capacities of both men and women.
Language Preference among Workers in Eastern Nigeria: Insights from Selected Ebonyi and Enugu Workplaces
The superimposition of the English language on Nigeria and other former British colonies remains sustained by both external and internal neocolonial practices. This is evident in the exclusive use of English in workplaces across Igboland and other parts of Nigeria. This study explores language preference among workers in selected workplaces in Ebonyi and Enugu States, Eastern Nigeria. Its objectives include determining language preference between Igbo and English among Igbo workers. The primary data were sourced through questionnaires. A descriptive survey design and mixed methods were employed. Content and thematic analyses, tables, figures, a 5-point Likert scale, percentages, interpretive devices, and critical techniques were also used. The analysis reveals that English is made mandatory in workplaces across Igboland, and that a larger number of older Igbo workers prefer their mother tongue to English but use English because of organisational language policies. Conversely, a few others, especially younger workers, prefer English to Igbo as a means of showing off Western mimicry, literacy, perceived civilisation, and educational attainment. The study concludes that although some Igbo who are accustomed to their mother-tongue prefer to use it at the workplace, others prefer English. It recommends that state governments should statutorily promote the use of Igbo in workplaces. Proficiency in the language of the workplace environment should be one of the criteria for job consideration.
Udeh, Judith Chinedu, PhD; Ifeyinwa Chukwuokoro, PhD; Nwode, Goodluck Chigbo, PhD
FOREIGN POLICY AS COUNTERINSURGENCY: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BUHARI ADMINISTRATION’S EXTERNAL ENGAGEMENTS IN RESPONSE TO NIGERIA’S SECURITY CRISIS
Confronted with a protracted security crisis characterized by large-scale insurgency, Nigeria under President Muhammadu Buhari, who assumed office in May 2015, witnessed a renewed commitment to combating Boko Haram insurgency and related security threats that had severely undermined national stability and tarnished the country's international image. In line with his campaign promises, President Buhari placed counterinsurgency at the core of his foreign policy agenda, actively engaging diplomacy in both bilateral and multilateral levels to secure strategic military partnerships. This was aimed at complementing domestic security operations through intelligence-sharing, logistical support, and capacity-building initiatives. With the completion of his eight-year tenure on May 29, 2023, it becomes imperative to undertake a critical academic assessment of the foreign policy dimensions of Buhari administration and its effectiveness in addressing Nigeria’s internal security challenges, particularly in the northern part of the country. This reflection is mostly pertinent in evaluating whether President Buhari fulfilled the expectations set during his 2015 electoral campaign. This study adopted an ex-post facto research design, enabling a critical analysis of events and policies after their occurrence without manipulating variables. It employed the documentary method of data collection, drawing exclusively on secondary sources such as government records, international agreements, policy documents, academic literature, and credible media reports. Data were analysed using content and thematic analysis, allowing for a critical interrogation of the patterns, narratives, and strategic alignments in Nigeria’s foreign policy and their impact on counterinsurgency in Nigeria. The study found that the Buhari administration’s foreign policy, though initially effective in securing external military support and achieving tactical gains against insurgents, ultimately failed to sustain long-term security due to its largely militarised approach. It concluded that the lack of integrated domestic reforms and adaptive security mechanisms weakened the impact of these foreign engagements. The study recommended a holistic strategy that aligns foreign policy with internal socio-political reforms, regional cooperation, indigenous defence development, and human security priorities.
Ignatius Ifesinachi Ngini; Daniel Uchechukwu Lawrence; Sunday Aideloje
THE ESOTERIC THOUGHTS: A PHILOSOPHY OF THE OCCULT
This work examines the meeting point of philosophy, religion, and occultism, with particular attention to the esoteric ideas that have shaped both ancient civilizations and contemporary spiritual practice. It explores fundamental questions about the nature of reality, the structure of the universe, and the meaning of human existence, approaching these themes through the lens of inner or hidden knowledge. Drawing from a wide range of philosophical and religious traditions- including Greek philosophy, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Igbo Traditional Religion, and Christianity- the study highlights the often-overlooked mystical and symbolic dimensions within these systems. Central to the discussion is the argument that occultism, Astrology, divination, necromancy etc., despite being widely misunderstood and stigmatized, constitutes a serious and coherent field of inquiry. When approached critically and historically, it offers valuable insights into human consciousness, spiritual development, and humanity’s enduring search for the divine.
THE EFFECTS OF MULTIMODAL STORYTELLING ON COMPREHENSION, RECALL, AND DISCOURSE ENGAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Dementia causes a progressive decline in language comprehension and communication, limiting patients’ ability to engage in meaningful discourse. Although storytelling has been applied as a language-based intervention in dementia care, most existing approaches rely on single modes of presentation, such as verbal narration or visual cues, with little experimental evidence on the combined effect of multimodal communication. This pilot study investigated the effect of multimodal storytelling-integrating text, visuals, and gestures-on comprehension, recall, and discourse engagement in dementia patients. Guided by Multimodal Discourse Analysis (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2001) and cognitive theories of multimodal learning (Mayer, 2009), the study adopted a within-subjects quasi-experimental design involving six patients with mild to moderate dementia recruited from three tertiary hospitals. Each participant experienced three storytelling conditions: text-only, text plus visuals, and text plus visuals plus gestures. Short, age-appropriate narratives with clear sequences and concrete actions were used, delivered in 20–25 minute sessions twice weekly over four weeks. Storytelling was accompanied by illustrations and iconic gestures in the multimodal condition to support comprehension and engagement. Data were collected through structured comprehension tests, immediate and delayed recall tasks, observational engagement checklists, and audio/video recordings for multimodal discourse analysis. Quantitative analysis of comprehension and recall scores showed consistent increases across conditions, with the highest mean scores observed in the text + visuals +gestures condition (comprehension mean = 9.67/11; delayed recall mean = 8.33/10). Observational data indicated greater attention, participation, and mirroring of gestures in the multimodal condition. Qualitative analysis of transcripts and recordings revealed improved narrative coherence, richer use of temporal and causal connectives, and active engagement with visual and gestural cues. The findings suggest that multimodal storytelling significantly enhanced comprehension, memory retention, and discourse production compared to unimodal approaches. The study provides preliminary, language-centered evidence supporting the integration of text, visuals, and gestures in dementia interventions and offers practical strategies for improving communication and interaction in clinical settings. These results lay the groundwork for larger-scale experimental research in applied linguistics and dementia care.
CROSS-BORDER CRIMES AND REGIONAL SECURITY IN WEST AFRICA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ECOWAS' STRATEGIES IN COMBATING ARMS TRAFFICKING AND ORGANIZED CRIME IN NIGERIA AND BURKINA FASO (2019–2024)
The research investigated the persistent challenge of cross-border crimes in West Africa, which continually undermined regional security, political stability, and socio-economic development. It examined how the porous nature of borders, weak institutional capacities, and political instability in member states created enabling environments for transnational criminal networks to flourish. Despite the establishment of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the adoption of various regional security frameworks, crimes such as arms trafficking, terrorism, and human smuggling continued to escalate, posing grave threats to the goals of regional integration. The study therefore critically examined ECOWAS’s strategies for addressing cross-border crimes, with a comparative analysis of Nigeria and Burkina Faso. It was grounded in the Regional Security Complex Theory and Transnational Organized Crime Theory. Methodologically, the research adopted a qualitative and explanatory design, employing content analysis and semi-structured interviews with security personnel and journalists. The findings revealed that ECOWAS, despite formulating robust legal and institutional frameworks—such as the 2006 Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs) and the 2013 Counter Terrorism Strategy—was unable to uniformly enforce these measures across member states. The study concluded that ECOWAS’s strategies achieved limited success due to inconsistent implementation, weak member-state compliance, and inadequate coordination between national and regional security agencies. It recommended strengthening regional intelligence-sharing mechanisms, enhancing border security infrastructure, and improving political will among member states to enforce ECOWAS protocols. The study also advocated increased funding, localized strategy adaptation, and stronger synergy between civil society, state actors, and regional bodies.
Nweke, Chibuzor Chigozie PhD; Ezeamu, Emmanuel Okwuchukwu PhD; Emelife, Anthony Maduka; Ugwu, Anthony Ndubuisi
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTIONS AND NIGERIA’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM COMMUNITY-INPUT APPROACH
Financing socio-economic infrastructure is key to the economic viability of developing states, including Nigeria. However, a critical gap exists in the relegation of the community-input approach as a catalytic model for driving project funding. This study therefore examined the usefulness of community involvement in infrastructure funding in Nigeria. It utilized a survey research design to collect data from a sampled population in the South-East region using a questionnaire instrument. Hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance using the Chi-square (χ²) statistical technique. Anchored on Systems Theory, the study revealed that while communities in the geo political zone are willing to partner in socio-economic infrastructure development, community input is largely absent in socio-economic funding by Development Finance Institutions (DFIs). The study therefore recommended the adoption of a community-based model as a top priority by key DFIs, such as the Bank of Industry, toward revitalizing the grassroots economy for maximum contribution to the country’s socio-economic development. It also recommended an amendment of the Act establishing Development Finance Institutions in Nigeria to accommodate the community-input model through active collaboration with the National Assembly. Furthermore, the study advocated the introduction of a Community–Public Partnership (CPP) initiative that allocates equity shares to communities for the funding of socio-economic infrastructure.
Christian Chidi OKEKE, Ph.D; Jude Chukwuemeka OKAFOR, Ph.D
CULTURAL EMBELISHMENT OF WATER BODIES, REGATTAS AND FISHING FESTIVALS IN NIGERIA’S RIVERINE COMMUNITIES SINCE 1895
This paper explores cultural embellishment of water bodies, regattas and fishing festivals in Nigeria’s riverine communities since 1895. It highlights the concepts of cultural embellishment, water bodies, fishing festivals, and regattas. It stresses that the embellishment of water bodies has continually played important roles in the maintenance and sustenance of aquatic lives and building healthy livelihoods, transportation, and provision of drinking water, aquatic foods, etc, to the riverine people and beyond. And that embellishment of water bodies is necessary before fishing festivals and regattas can be celebrated. The paper also discusses the effects of fishing festivals on the lives of the people and the visitors to the area including; an environment for celebration, bringing the people to nature and promoting the fishing skills of the people. In the same vein, the paper explores the historical significance of regattas and its present relevance. A historical method of quantitative and qualitative objective content analysis of primary and secondary sources was adopted in this paper. The findings of this paper have revealed among other things that the cultural embellishment of water bodies has continued to play significant roles in these communities; that fishing festivals has continued to be used as a means to celebrate great events and tourist attractions; and that regattas in the past played security, sports, and entertainment roles, but in the contemporary period are used for sports, celebrations, and entertainment roles. The paper concludes with the view that the trio have continued to play significant roles in the socio-economic development of the riverine communities.
REDUPLICATION IN NAIJÀ: SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS IN NIGERIAN PIDGIN
Reduplication is one of the defining features of Naijà, popularly known as Nigerian Pidgin. It plays an important role in shaping meaning, going beyond mere word repetition. In Naijà, reduplication can intensify, extend, or modify meaning, conveying emphasis, gradual action, habituality, plurality, and even sarcasm. Unlike English, where reduplication is rare and often considered childish (e.g., bye-bye), Naijà speakers use reduplication systematically and creatively. This paper examines the semantic content of reduplication in Naijà, drawing examples from everyday speech, market transactions, street slang, and media expressions. Data were collected through introspection, elicitation, and the observer’s paradox. A semantic-pragmatic framework was applied, supported by Odumuh (1981), Naijá Langwej Akademi (2009), and syntactic insights from Ofoegbu (2012). The findings show that reduplication in Naijà is not arbitrary; it is an organized meaning-making tool deeply tied to the cultural and social life of Nigerians. Specifically, reduplication functions as a systematic strategy for intensification, iteration, politeness, and meaning extension. It also mirrors social attitudes, humor, and identity in Nigerian communication. The study concludes that reduplication in Naijà is neither random nor merely playful but a creative and culturally grounded tool essential to the language’s expressive power.
A MORPHO-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF NEW CHURCH NAMES IN ONITSHA
This study explores the morphological structure and semantic significance of names of new churches in Onitsha, Nigeria, through the lens of referential theory. By examining the linguistic composition and cultural context of these names, it uncovers the complex interplay between language, culture, and religion in shaping the identities of these religious communities. The analysis reveals that church names in Onitsha reflect a blend of Igbo cultural heritage and Christian doctrine, conveying messages of faith, hope, and redemption. The research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing the morphological structure of names of new churches in Onitsha. Data are collected from various sources, including church websites, directories, and field observations. The analysis involves examining morphological processes such as: derivation (adding prefixes or suffixes to root words), compounding (combining two or more words to form a new name), and clipping (removing parts of words to create shorter, more memorable names). This study aims to reveal the morphological patterns and structures of church names in Onitsha, highlighting their cultural significance and their role in shaping the identities of religious communities. It contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of language in constructing meaning and identity in religious contexts, emphasizing the importance of considering cultural and social factors in linguistic analysis.
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF NSUKKA PERSONAL NAMES
In many African societies, personal names carry profound meanings that go beyond mere identification, reflecting cultural values, social structures, and ancestral heritage. However, in the Nsukka community of Enugu State, there has been limited systematic study on how names are morphologically constructed and the cultural significance they embody. This study addresses the question: How are Nsukka personal names morphologically structured, and what meanings do they convey about the community’s values and worldview? Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from fifty individuals through interviews with community elders, parents, and archival records of traditional Nsukka names. The study employed qualitative morphological analysis, segmenting names into their constituent morphemes and examining patterns of combination and semantic content. The findings revealed that most Nsukka names are compound formations, often combining morphemes that reflect topography, social hierarchy, moral values, and communal identity. Frequent morphemes such as Ugwu (hill/pride), Ani (land), and Eze (king) were identified, demonstrating a strong link between linguistic structure and cultural meaning.The study further shows that names function as cultural texts, encoding individual identity and collective values in ways that preserve heritage and social memory. It concludes that Nsukka personal names are carefully constructed linguistic artefacts, reflecting the community’s worldview, reverence for the land, and social organisation. The study recommends systematic documentation of traditional names, integration of local naming practices into educational curricula, and further research to safeguard this important aspect of cultural heritage.
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF AREA NAMES IN AWKA METROPOLIS
This investigation focuses on area names in Awka Metropolis and employs lexico-semantic analysis to examine them. The research adopted a descriptive and qualitative design, which enabled the interpretation of the area names. The population of the study consists of all the area names that make up Awka Metropolis. Methods of data collection included oral interviews, participant observation, and archival materials. The data were analyzed using semantic categories, examining both literal meanings (denotation) and cultural implications (connotation). The findings reveal the cultural, historical, spiritual, and social meanings that shape the identity of the Awka people. Using the referential theory framework, the study examined the semantics of area names in Awka Metropolis. By collecting data from oral interviews, observations, and archival sources, and applying descriptive semantic analysis, the research established that the names of neighbourhoods, villages, and communities in Awka are not arbitrary. Rather, they function as repositories of meaning that encapsulate the town’s history, culture, spirituality, and social organization.
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SLANG EXPRESSIONS IN NKPOR METROPOLIS ANAMBRA STATE
This paper presents a semantic analysis of slang expressions in Nkpor Metropolis, addressing the gap by identifying various slang expressions used by youths, adolescents, and touts. It also accounts for the semantic processes involved in their formation and explores how the meanings of these slang expressions are employed in communication. The research adopted a descriptive design, and data were collected through participant observation, recordings, and interactions involving ten participants. The data were analyzed descriptively using a socio-semantic analytical procedure. The analysis indicates that the use of slang expressions in Nkpor Metropolis enhances communicative styles and enriches linguistic experiences. This study contributes to the understanding that slang expressions can bring a significant change in the linguistic competence of speakers.
SOCIO-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SLANG EXPRESSIONS IN ABAGANA, ACHALLA AND UGA STREETS IN FEGGE, ONITSHA, ANAMBRA STATE
Slang expressions have generally been regarded over the years as the language of the “never-do-well” in society, especially among youths and adolescents, due to environmental influences and the harmful substances some of them consume. Yet, slang has gained wide acceptance and demonstrates significant communicative value among speakers, both in conversation and social interaction. Slang expressions in Onitsha Metropolis are not left out of this discussion. In recent times, the use of slang in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria, has increased significantly, especially for communication and socio-economic interaction among traders, touts, and young scholars. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of slang expressions used in selected streets in Fegge, Onitsha, with the aim of determining and measuring their communicative impact. In line with this objective, slang expressions commonly used in Abagana Street, Achalla Street, and Uga Street were identified and analyzed. The slang expressions popular in these streets have contributed to improving the linguistic competence of their users. This study therefore examines the relevance of slang to effective communication. To achieve this, several slang forms from the selected areas were collected and analyzed. These locations were chosen because slang expressions are actively used by the people who reside and transact there. It was found that these expressions have been widely accepted for their functional roles in society. Furthermore, the study advocates that these slang expressions used in the selected areas should be recognized and accepted by both the literate and business classes for their potential contribution to socio-economic development in the environment.
MORPHO-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF NAMES OF VILLAGE IN OWEREZUKALA TOWN
Ndigbo are known for preserving their culture and values through names that are peculiar to them and carry distinctive, remarkable meanings. In recent years, there has been notable growth and development in the study of indigenous names given to Igbo villages and towns. The village names in Owerezukala, a town in Orumba South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria, are not left out of this discussion. The town consists of eight villages, namely: Mkputu, Ogwuada, Iyiafor, Isiafor, Okpoghota, Lete, Okpu, and Ihie. The names of these villages were formed based on various cultural and historical conditions such as traditional figures, war, conquest, bravery, nature, birthright, personality, and afflictions. Data for this study were collected from two elderly men from each village, aged 50 years and above, making a total population of 16 respondents. The data collected were qualitatively analyzed, which contributed to the authenticity of the research findings. It was observed that the names of these villages in Owerezukala are neither ordinary nor given arbitrarily; rather, they serve as markers of historical events, indigenous identity, victory, and the town’s touristic heritage. This study enhances the understanding of the morphology and semantics of Owerezukala village names and demonstrates how toponymy serves as a vehicle for meaning formation, traditional identity, and culturally significant narratives.
INTERROGATING MIGRATION PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA. A STUDY OF NDUBISI GEORGE’S WOES OF IKENGA
Literature as a field of study have always been presented by literary scholars as a means to redirect, re-examine, and re-address predominant societal problems in Nigeria. This research presents migration as a primary concern in Nigeria. Migration is caused by so many factors ranging from search for identity, search for greener pasture, environmental conditions, educational opportunities, conflicts, social and political instability. Migration as a literary context can be referred to as the movement of a large number of people from one continent to the other. The problem of migration has been a long engaging aspect of African literature, as a result of this, studying the issues associated with migration in literature enhances the understanding of the experiences encountered by people found in this situation. These factors form the psyche of the migrating character. Over the years, Nigerian writers have viewed migration, its challenges and effects on the average Nigerian individual from a problematic perspective. Writers in Nigeria see the concept of migration as a muster point where they all gather to discuss migration as a predominant problem in the Nigeria. This research further re- addresses and interrogates the profound effects of migration on both origin and destination regions, influencing labor markets, cultural landscapes and workforce. The theoretical framework of this research is Realism. Realism is a theory and critical school of thought that has its main concern geared towards critically examining literary works that reflect the actual conditions of people and the society. The researcher re-addresses, and re-examines migration as predominant problem in Nigeria thereby providing a foundational overview, deep analyses of the effects of migration on the Nigerian individual. The methodology adopted in this research is a qualitative methodology. Ndubisi George’s Woes of Ikenga is the chosen work understudy.
Udeh, Bryan Jachukwuike; Obi Gladys Nwakaego
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA FROM 1986 to 2021
This study examines the relationship between agricultural production and economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021. One of the major concerns of developing countries, including Nigeria, is the attainment of a stable and satisfactory economic growth. However, over the decades, the value of real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) has been low, and the actual growth rate of RGDP has frequently fallen below the targeted growth rate, suggesting that the economy may be growing below its potential. This declining trend in Nigeria’s economic growth in Nigeria has become a cause for concern and necessitates policy intervention. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between disaggregated agricultural production and economic growth in Nigeria. Annual time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and World Development indicators were utilised. The study adopted Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) testing approach to estimate the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Results indicate that all four components of agricultural production - crop, livestock, forestry and fishery – have a positive and statistically significant relationship with economic growth in both the short-run and long-run. Among these, forestry, fishery and livestock production made a greater impact than crop production. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government incentivizes investments in these sub-sectors rather than placing excessive emphasis on crop production. This strategy could attract private sector investment, enhance employment opportunities, growing the GDP, and increase food production.
Uzoechina, Benedict Ikemefuna; Okeyika, Okezie Kenechukwu; Ikechebelu Anthonia Ifeoma; Ozulumba John Ifeanyi; Ekwoh, Geraldine Amaka
PETER AKINOLA’S LEADERSHIP AT CAPA: A MODEL FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION IN NIGERIA
The Nigerian economy has long been a subject of both admiration and scrutiny. As Africa's largest economy, it possesses immense potential for growth and development. Predominantly driven by oil exports, the economy remains vulnerable to fluctuations in the global market. Despite this dependency, Nigeria boasts a diverse range of sectors, including agriculture, manufacturing, telecommunications, and financial services. Its abundant natural resources, sizable population, and dynamic entrepreneurial spirit serve as solid foundations for economic growth. However, the Nigerian economy faces numerous challenges that require careful analysis and strategic intervention. This study is a systematic attempt to examine Peter Akinola’s leadership disposition as president of the Council of Anglican Provinces of Africa (CAPA), using his leadership approach as a guide for revitalizing the Nigerian economy. Specifically, the research explores Akinola’s transformational leadership, capacity-building initiatives, economic empowerment programs, and human capital development strategies—elements that can inform Nigeria’s economic recovery efforts. Using a historical research approach based on both primary and secondary sources, the study aims to provide practical strategies for economic diversification and sustainable growth. It also offers insights into the impact of faith-based initiatives on economic development, alongside policy recommendations for government and stakeholders. The findings reveal that Peter Akinola had a significant influence on the life of the organization, contributing to regional economic development, improvements in the healthcare system, and human capital advancement through the engagement of African bishops and archbishops. His leadership provides valuable lessons for Nigeria’s economic revitalization.
LAND, CULTURE, AND IDENTITY: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY EXPLORATION OF OYE-EKITI’s GEOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, AND SOCIO-CULTURAL DYNAMICS
Oye-Ekiti, one of the prominent towns in Ekiti State, Nigeria, is steeped in cultural heritage, historical significance, and socio-political relevance. Situated in the Yoruba heartland, the town serves as the administrative headquarters of Oye Local Government Area. This study explores the geographical, historical, economic and socio-cultural features of Oye-Ekiti, examining how its physical environment has shaped the lives and livelihoods of its people over time. The town is located within the tropical rainforest zone, characterized by fertile land suitable for agriculture, particularly the cultivation of yam, cassava, and maize. Historically, Oye-Ekiti was part of the larger Ekiti confederation and played a significant role in pre-colonial political organization and post colonial development. The town is predominantly inhabited by the Yoruba-speaking people, with a strong adherence to traditional institutions and festivals, including the Ogun, Ode and Egungun festivals. Additionally, the influence of Christianity and Islam is evident, coexisting with indigenous practices. The traditional ruler, headed by the Oloye of Oye, remains a central institution that reflects the people's identity and governance structure. The study emphasizes the importance of preserving local traditions while adapting to modernity. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the research highlights the dynamic interplay between land, culture, and people, offering insights into the resilience and adaptability of the Oye-Ekiti community in the face of political, cultural and socio-economic changes.
Solomon Egwu ISU; NWALI, Sunday Oshiodo; Emmanuel Achone USHIE
ENSURING SAFETY FROM BLUEPRINT TO HOME: INTEGRATING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, FINISHING AND FURNISHING FOR SECURE LIVING SPACES
The safety and security of residential spaces have become critical concerns in an era marked by increasing environmental, social, and technological challenges. This study explores how a holistic integration of architectural design, construction practices, interior finishing, and furnishing can enhance the safety of domestic environments. Using a qualitative research approach, the study employs content analysis of regulatory documents, building codes, architectural guidelines, and scholarly literature, complemented by secondary data obtained from government agencies, industry reports, and peer-reviewed academic sources. The research investigates the multidimensional factors contributing to residential safety, ranging from structural stability and fire resistance to accessibility, air quality, and protection from intrusions. It further assesses how well-established frameworks like Prevention Through Design (PtD), Design for Safety (DfS), and occupant-centered building models are being interpreted and applied in both global contexts and Nigerian residential projects. Findings reveal significant gaps in enforcement, professional awareness, and end-user education, especially in developing contexts, where informal practices often bypass formal safety guidelines. However, the study also identifies best practices and emerging innovations—such as sustainable material use, spatial planning for emergency response, and the integration of smart technologies—that show promise in advancing secure living environments. The study concludes that an interdisciplinary and lifecycle-based approach to home development, supported by policy reform, professional training, and community engagement, is essential for realizing truly safe residential spaces. Recommendations include the adoption of safety-conscious architectural curricula, improved compliance monitoring, and collaborative engagement between design professionals, construction teams, and regulatory authorities. This research contributes to the broader discourse on built environment safety and offers actionable insights for architects, engineers, urban planners, policymakers, and homeowners.
Barnaby, Jude; Odoanyanwu, Ndubuisi M.; Mbanefo, Ikechukwu A.; Udegbe, Chukwuemeka C.
ADDRESSING ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NORTHEAST NIGERIA: ANALYZING CAUSES AND PROPOSING SOLUTIONS
Elections conducted in many developing democracies, including those in Africa and Nigeria, face serious challenges. Elections, as a mechanism for the regular and periodic change of government are often accompanied by substantial violence. This poses a hindrance to the sustainability of democracy in Nigeria. This paper examines the causes of electoral violence in North East Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design and employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Nwana (2005) formula was used to determine the sample size as well as Bourley (1964) proportional distribution formula to allocate samples among the participants in the 3 states under Study, Adamawa, Gombe and Taraba. Frustration and Aggression theory was used to explain the causes of violence. The results revealed that violence has been significant in Nigerian elections. Politicians rig, manipulate and falsify election results, which trigger electoral violence. Unsettled ethnic, tribal, religious conflicts, poverty, ignorance and unemployment cause electoral violence. The unchecked proliferation of arms also contributes to election related violence. This paper recommends that free fair and credible elections, increase security, punishment for perpetrators of electoral violence, and increase INEC capacity as means of preventing violence in future elections. Furthermore, it is recommended that the Judiciary must strictly apply the rule of law in adjudication of election related cases. The government on the other hand should provide jobs and employments to the youths. Increase political orientation among the citizens should also be priortised. The government should also address the issues of money politics and thuggery during elections and ban politicians involved in political violence.
Adeniran, S. F; Alimba, C.N; Awodoyin, F.
DECONSTRUCTING SUSTAINABILITY: EXAMINING THE DISCONNECT BETWEEN GLOBAL FRAMEWORKS AND LOCAL REALITIES IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, AFRICA IN FOCUS
Sustainability has emerged as a dominant framework for addressing climate change, yet its globalized discourse often fails to account for the socio-political, economic, and cultural complexities of African communities. This paper critically examines the disconnect between international climate policies and the lived realities of vulnerable populations across the continent. By deconstructing sustainability as a concept shaped by Western institutional paradigms, the study highlights how global frameworks such as the Paris Agreement, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and corporate-led green initiatives, frequently impose rigid mitigation strategies that are misaligned with indigenous knowledge systems, local governance structures, and economic constraints in Africa. Using case studies from across the region, this research explores the failures of top-down climate action, illustrating how externally imposed sustainability models often exacerbate environmental injustices rather than resolve them. The paper argues for a reimagined, decolonized approach to climate governance, one that prioritizes localized, context-driven solutions over universalized sustainability standards. By bridging the gap between global frameworks and local realities, this study advocates for climate justice frameworks that empower African communities as key stakeholders in shaping sustainable futures. The work adopts the orthodox historical method of narrative and analyses while the qualitative methodology was applied in the presentation of facts.
Mbalisi, Chinedu N. PhD; Chiemela A. Mbalisi; Nwaiwu Nnaedoziem S.
POST-INDEPENDENCE DISILLUSIONMENT IN NGOZI CHUMA-UDEH’S TEACHERS ON STRIKE AND HELON HABILA’S WAITING FOR AN ANGEL
Literature is a tool, a mirror through which writers explore their societies. It has become a means of self-expression, an avenue through which writers express their experiences, observations, sense of sympathy and patriotism to their various societies. As an instrument of social change, the writers studied brought to limelight the social vices in their environments and advocate the reformation and rehabilitation of their societies towards a beautiful and glorious future. In this research entitled "Post-Independence Disillusionment in Ngozi Chuma-Udeh’s Teachers on Strike and Helon Habila’s Waiting for an Angel, the novelists satirized the corruption among the ruling class, and how the spirit of discernment has been long dead in the heart of the ruling class. The novelists showed us the society reeking in corruption that gave birth to the literature of post-independence disillusionment. The texts studied are the primary sources of data while library texts, journals, abstracts and internet are the secondary sources of data. The theoretical framework adopted is Maxism. The researchers believe that the novelists succeeded in exposing the issues that undermine the lives of the people; hence they set out to address those ills and expect rebirth, reformation and equity. Thus, both novelists are advocating good governance, honesty in leadership and elimination of intimidation, man's inhumanity to his fellow man, and intolerance.
Obi, Gladys Nwakaego, PhD; Amah, Uche Chinwe, PhD; Udeh, Bryan Jachukwuike, PhD