MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (MJMSS)
The Multidisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences (ISSN: 3043-6427; E-ISSN: 3043-6419) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research across a diverse range of disciplines within management and the social sciences. The journal provides a vibrant platform for scholars, researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners to share insights, empirical findings, and theoretical advancements that address contemporary issues in society and organizational life. It is a blind peer review journal domiciled in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
INNOVATION CAPABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF BORN GLOBAL FIRMS
This study examined the effect of innovation capability on the performance of born global firms in Nigeria, with specific reference to International Breweries Plc, and Guinness Nigeria Plc. A descriptive survey research design was adopted to collect quantitative data from employees of the selected firms. The population of the study consisted of 1,000 employees, from which a sample size of 286 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamane formula. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to ensure proportional representation of respondents from both firms. Data were collected using structured questionnaires based on a 5-point Likert scale. The instrument was validated through expert review and tested for reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha, which confirmed its internal consistency. A total of 286 structured questionnaires were distributed to staff of International Breweries Plc and Guinness Nigeria Plc. However, 277 were completed and returned, resulting in an impressive response rate of 96.85 percent. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 23, employing descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Squares regression. The findings revealed that all five dimensions of innovation capability had positive and statistically significant effects on firm performance. Among these variables, TIC had the strongest influence, followed by MKTIC, PDIC, ORGIC, and PRIC. The study concluded that innovation capability is a critical driver of performance in born global firms and that firms that invest in multiple dimensions of innovation capability are more likely to achieve superior outcomes. The study recommended that firms should prioritize innovation investments across product development, process improvement, marketing strategies, organizational practices, and technological advancement. It also suggested that policymakers should create an enabling environment that supports innovation activities in Nigerian firms. The study provided practical insights for managers and policymakers on how to enhance competitiveness through innovation. Overall, the study emphasized that sustained investment in innovation capability is essential for achieving long-term performance and competitiveness in born global firms.
Clara Chika Anugwu; Christian Nonso Akubue; Ogechukwu Miracle Nwakalor
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF YEWA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a powerful force in addressing global socio-economic challenges by integrating business strategies with social impact. Unlike traditional enterprises, which primarily focus on profit generation, social enterprises aim to create sustainable solutions to pressing societal problems. This study examined the effect of social entrepreneurship on economic development, with specific reference to Yewa South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated how social enterprises contribute to community empowerment, poverty reduction, and job creation. The study adopted a literature review approach, drawing on existing scholarly articles, reports, and case studies on social entrepreneurship and economic development, with particular emphasis on rural and semi-urban communities such as Yewa South. The reviewed literature revealed that social entrepreneurship has a significant positive impact on community empowerment, poverty alleviation, and employment generation. It also promotes the development of social capital and stimulates local economic activities, thereby contributing to sustainable economic development. However, the review identified several challenges that constrain the effectiveness of social enterprises in the area, including inadequate policy support, limited access to funding, and poor infrastructure. The study concludes that social entrepreneurship has considerable potential to drive sustainable economic development in Yewa South Local Government Area. It therefore recommends that the government should establish a supportive policy environment, strengthen capacity-building initiatives, improve access to finance, and invest in enabling infrastructure to maximize the contributions of social enterprises to local economic development.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND JOB PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY LECTURERS IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
This study examined the relationship between transformative professional development and the job performance of university lecturers in South East Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational survey research design. The sample comprised 333 lecturers drawn from five federal universities in South East Nigeria using a multistage sampling procedure. Data were collected using two researcher-developed questionnaires titled Transformative Professional Development Questionnaire (TPDQ) and Lecturers' Job Performance Questionnaire (LJPQ). Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was used to answer the research question, while simple linear regression analysis was employed to test the null hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed, among other things, that transformative professional development has a significant and very strong positive relationship with the job performance of university lecturers. The study concluded that transformative professional development is a significant predictor of lecturers' job performance. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the National Universities Commission (NUC), as the regulatory agency responsible for university education in Nigeria, should establish and promote comprehensive transformative professional development programmes for lecturers across Nigerian universities to enhance their effectiveness and overall job performance.
Ejike-Onu Monica Nkechinyere; Melody Ndidi Modebelu (PhD); Anebi Joseph Ngbede Paul (PhD)
PRIORITIZING ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST DRIVERS FOR SUSTAINABLE EMPLOYEE RETENTION: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS
Employee retention remains a critical challenge for organizations across Nigeria, as voluntary employee turnover consistently undermines organizational productivity, competitive positioning, and human capital development. Organizational trust encompassing trust in leadership, trust in organizational processes, and collegial trust is theorized to be a foundational driver of employee commitment and retention intentions. However, the relative importance and structural influence of these trust dimensions in Nigerian organizational contexts remain empirically underexplored. This study examined the relative importance of organizational trust dimensions leadership trust, process trust, and collegial trust in predicting sustainable employee retention intentions across 35 Nigerian organizations. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Structured questionnaires were administered to 420 employees drawn from 35 organizations spanning public universities, private universities, banking, manufacturing, healthcare, and public service institutions, including Clifford University, Owerrinta, and Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Instrument reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, while construct validity was established through exploratory factor analysis. The results revealed that leadership trust was the strongest predictor of employee retention intention (β = 0.441, p < .001), followed by process trust (β = 0.287, p < .001) and collegial trust (β = 0.198, p < .01). Collectively, the three trust dimensions explained 61.4% of the variance in employee retention intention (R² = .614, F (3, 416) = 220.47, p < .001). The ANOVA results further revealed significant inter-sectoral differences in organizational trust levels (F (5, 414) = 18.73, p < .001). The study hypothesis was fully supported. The study concludes that organizational trust, prioritized in the order of leadership trust, process trust, and collegial trust, is a statistically robust and practically significant predictor of sustainable employee retention in Nigerian organizations. These findings have important implications for strategic human resource management, leadership development, and organizational policy design aimed at enhancing employee retention in the Nigerian context.
Obioma Omeonu, Ph.D; Daniel Tom Agara, MBA
GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE: EMERGING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA
Fasenfest (2010) describes governance as a set of decisions and processes that reflect societal expectations through the administration and leadership of government, particularly within liberal democratic systems where the will of the people holds supreme authority. In this paper, governance provides insight into the direction of decisions and processes that political actors and leaders are required to adopt in order to facilitate economic, social, political, and other forms of development within the state. On the other hand, public sector performance refers to the strategies, plans, designs, and implementation efforts geared toward the realization of government policies and programmes anchored in sound governance principles. In this paper, public sector performance addresses the issues and conduct necessary to drive the socio-economic and political sectors of the national economy, including the promotion of ethics and values in offices and workplaces in Nigeria. Among these decisions and processes are the provision of security, the creation of an enabling environment and adequate infrastructure, the promotion of fairness, equity, and justice, the establishment of a level playing field for political participation and opportunities, the adoption of democratic political principles, and the maintenance of sound diplomatic relations within the international community. Appropriate recommendations will be provided based on the discussions presented above.
ERONDU, CHIMEZIE NWOGU; CHIAZOR, PRINCESS; OJIRE, COLLINS C.
THE MENACE OF FRAUD-BASED CYBERCRIME AND NIGERIA’S GLOBAL CYBERSECURITY PROFILE
Amid escalating global concerns over cybercrime, Nigeria’s digital space has emerged as both a site of innovation and a center of fraudulent practices associated with “Yahoo Boys,” posing serious implications for its global reputation. This study investigates the relationship between cyberfraud and Nigeria’s cybersecurity profile between 2015 and 2024, employing Kenneth Boulding’s Image Theory of International Relations (1959) as a theoretical framework. Using an explanatory research design, it applies a mixed-methods approach, combining Key Informant Interviews (KII) with secondary data drawn from official reports, scholarly works, and media sources. Content analysis highlights thematic connections between Nigeria’s cybersecurity performance and the persistence of cyber fraud. Findings reveal a paradox: Nigeria’s Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) improved significantly from 0.441 in 2015 to 84.76 in 2020, before experiencing a slight decline in 2024. Despite this progress, Nigeria’s global image remains overshadowed by fraud-based cybercrime, as reflected in its recurring presence in the FBI’s IC3 complaints and the 2024 World Cybercrime Index. The study recommends enhanced collaboration across government, private, and community actors for intelligence sharing, the integration of digital literacy and ethics in education, improved law enforcement capacity, and the modernization of cybercrime legislation to align with international frameworks.
Daniel Uchechukwu Lawrence; Okafor Uzodimma C. PhD; Ignatius Ifesinachi Ngini PhD
SELF-CONCEPT AND BODY DISSATISFACTION AS PREDICTORS OF FEAR OF NEGATIVE EVALUATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES
This study examined self-concept and body dissatisfaction as predictors of fear of negative evaluation among undergraduate students of a Nigerian University. A total of 243 undergraduates aged 16-27 years (M = 21.78, SD = 2.39) were conveniently selected from two departments across the faculties. Data were collected using the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, a self-concept questionnaire, and a body dissatisfaction scale. A predictive research design was adopted and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results revealed that self-concept significantly predicted fear of negative evaluation (β = −.267, p < .001), indicating that students with poorer self-concept reported higher levels of fear of negative evaluation. Body dissatisfaction showed a positive but non-significant relationship with fear of negative evaluation (β = .107, p = .085). These findings suggest that students’ perceptions of themselves play a crucial role in shaping their sensitivity to social judgment. The study recommends psychological interventions within university counseling centres aimed at improving self-concept and promoting healthy body image among students. Such interventions may reduce anxiety related to social evaluation and enhance students’ psychological well-being and academic engagement.
Anyaorah, G. C., PhD; Nnaemeka, I. J., PhD; Okpala, M.O. PhD; Obi U.C.
NEGOTIATING UNITY IN DIVERSITY: POWER-SHARING AND NATION-BUILDING IN NIGERIA, 1999-2023
This study explores power sharing in a multi-ethnic state and its implications for nation-building, focusing on Nigeria from 1999 to 2023. The objective is to understand how mechanisms such as zoning, rotation, and the Federal Character Principle have been utilized to manage ethnic diversity and promote national unity. Using a qualitative methodology, the study draws on secondary sources, including academic literature, government reports, and media articles. A thematic approach is adopted to examine the effectiveness and challenges of these power-sharing arrangements. The findings indicate that while these mechanisms have helped mitigate ethnic tensions and ensure representation, they have also been affected by favoritism, regional imbalances, and political manipulation. Furthermore, regional agitations and insurgencies highlight the need for more inclusive and adaptable policies to achieve sustainable nation-building and national integration in Nigeria.
KANU, Ugochukwu O. Ph.D; Olua, Ngozi Emea
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE INFORMAL AND FORMAL GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS ON MINING COMMUNITIES IN TARABA STATE
This paper examines the socioeconomic and environmental consequences of formal and informal governance arrangements on mining activities in Taraba State, Nigeria. Mining in the region is characterized by a complex interplay between formal institutional frameworks and informal, community-based practices. Formal governance, which includes state regulations and policies, is often challenged by the pervasive influence of informal governance structures such as local power relations, customary laws, and informal networks of miners. These governance arrangements shape the trajectory of mining activities, influencing both socioeconomic outcomes and environmental sustainability. The paper adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data on mining revenues, employment, and environmental degradation with qualitative data obtained through interviews and questionnaires to capture the local dynamics of governance. The findings reveal that informal governance structures, while sometimes more effective in enforcing local norms, frequently prioritize short-term economic gains over long-term sustainability. This results in environmental degradation, resource depletion, and the marginalization of vulnerable communities. Socioeconomically, the findings indicate that mining contributes to local economic growth by providing livelihoods and supporting infrastructure development; however, it also exacerbates inequality and creates dependence on a volatile sector. The environmental consequences include deforestation, water contamination, and soil erosion, which remain largely unmitigated under existing governance mechanisms. The paper therefore recommends the strict enforcement of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulations by the Taraba State Government to mitigate the adverse environmental consequences of mining on host communities within the state.
Manga, Joseph; Tukura, Nashuka Tino, PhD
ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF PLASTIC MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study determined the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of plastic manufacturing industries in Anambra state. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, which allows for effective statistical analysis without manipulating variables. The population comprised 1,648 employees from 15 selected plastic manufacturing firms across Anambra State. Using Borg and Gall’s (1973) formula, a sample size of 321 was determined and proportionally distributed across the firms. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale, while secondary data were sourced from textbooks, journals, and online databases. To ensure validity, experts in business administration reviewed the questionnaire. Reliability was confirmed through a pilot test and Cronbach’s Alpha, which yielded coefficients ranging from 0.71 to 0.92 across the constructs. Data analysis involved both descriptive (frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics, with Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation used to test hypotheses at a 5% significance level. The findings revealed that: entrepreneurial leadership styles have a positive relation to job satisfaction of plastic manufacturing firms in Anambra state (r = 0.847, at p .000<0.05); there is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial innovativeness and customers’ satisfaction of plastic manufacturing firms in Anambra state (r = 0.813, at p. 000<0.05). It was recommended that Government agencies, industry associations and educational institutions should collaborate to design and implement structured training programs focused on developing core entrepreneurial competencies.
Okeke, Amaka Ukamaka PhD; Anaehobi, Chimeremma Ebuka
A CRITICAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION OF JOB SATISFACTION IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study carried out a critical comparative analysis of employees’ perception of job satisfaction in public and private universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. It was conducted to critically explore the perception of job satisfaction among lecturers in public and private universities in Cross River under the Job Characteristics Model. To this end, primary research was carried out to understand the differences in the level of skill variety in academic roles between lecturers in public and private universities; understand how lecturers in public and private universities perceive the significance of their work in terms of its impact on society; and critically compare the differences in the degree of autonomy experienced by lecturers in public and private universities regarding their job responsibilities. The research design was a multiple case study design, which relied on semi-structured interviews to collect primary data from 14 lecturers (7 each from a private university and public university) in Cross River State. Snowball sampling technique was applied. The data obtained were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that lecturers in both public and private universities experienced a high level of skill variety through their engagement in multiple roles such as teaching, supervising, curriculum development, administrative duties, and student mentoring. However, significant differences emerged in how this skill variety was perceived and experienced across the two institutional types. It was also found that lecturers in both sectors in Cross River State view their work as highly significant to societal development, though shaped by their institutional contexts. In addition, it was found that lecturers in public universities enjoyed considerable academic freedom, allowing them to independently plan their courses, design assessments, and engage in research with minimal institutional interference. Whereas, lecturers in private universities reported significantly limited autonomy, as they were often required to adhere strictly to pre-determined curricula, institutional guidelines, and administrative controls, which restricted innovation and undermined intrinsic motivation. On the basis of these findings, the study recommended that public and private universities should adopt structured role diversification, visible recognition of societal contributions, and flexible academic autonomy frameworks to align lecturers’ tasks with their strengths, validate their wider impacts, and empower their teaching and research choices. This would enhance their motivation, reducing burnout, and promoting deeper professional engagement across both sectors.
Pepple, Grace Jamie; Fajulugbe Adeshola Temitayo; Enebeli Jane Ifeyinwa; Makama, Lawrence Linus
FOOD QUALITY DIMENSIONS AND CUSTOMERS’ LOYALTY TOWARDS FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS
This study examined food quality and customers’ loyalty towards fast-food restaurants, specifically seeking to determine the effects of food taste, safety, presentation, and quality of ingredients on customers’ loyalty. It had its foundational underpinning in the enticement-repellent theory and adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. Primary data were collected from 276 customers of fast-food restaurants using a structured questionnaire and were analysed and interpreted through descriptive statistics, while the hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The findings revealed that food quality dimensions, including food taste, safety, presentation, and quality of ingredients, had significant positive effects on customers’ loyalty towards fast-food restaurants. Hence, the study recommended that managers of fast-food restaurants should ensure the taste of their meals remains consistently enjoyable by incorporating a blend of rich flavours, carefully selected seasoning tailored to both local and international palates, and tantalizing aromas that create an irresistible dining atmosphere, thereby encouraging repeat patronage and positive word-of-mouth. It was further recommended that managers should implement strict food hygiene protocols, maintain spotless restaurant environments, ensure proper storage, and incorporate natural food preservatives such as vinegar or rosemary extract in order to guarantee consistently high food quality, minimize health risks, and build trust among customers, while other recommendations were made to enhance dimensions of food quality such as food presentation and quality of ingredients in fast-food restaurants.
Dr. Edim Eka James; Inyang Bassey Inyang
SUBSIDY REMOVAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WUKARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
The removal of fuel subsidies in Nigeria has arisen as a pivotal economic policy with far-reaching socio-economic consequences. This paper explores the impacts of fuel subsidy removal on the Nigerian populace, particularly in Wukari LGA of Taraba State, Nigeria, focusing on changes in cost of living, transportation, income distribution, and social welfare. While the policy aims to reduce fiscal deficits and promote market efficiency, its implementation has disproportionately affected low- and middle-income households, exacerbating poverty, inflation, and inequality. The paper further explores the policy’s effect on informal sector employment and rural livelihoods, revealing a lack of adequate social safety nets and institutional mechanisms to cushion the adverse outcomes. Anchored in the Resource Curse Theory, the study argues that Nigeria’s mismanagement of oil wealth and reliance on rentier structures have intensified the socio-economic dislocations of subsidy reform. Drawing on both primary and secondary data and relevant literature, the paper finds that the subsidy removal, particularly following the 2023 policy shift, led to sharp increases in fuel prices and associated goods and services, weakening purchasing power and heightening public dissatisfaction. The paper recommends comprehensive policy measures, including targeted palliatives, investment in public infrastructure, and transparent governance frameworks to ensure equitable and sustainable outcomes.
Tukura, Daudu Fwaje; Tukura, Nashuka Tino, PhD
EFFECT OF CORRUPTION ON INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Infrastructural development is a potent tool for economic growth, and development within educational institutions is no exception. This paper examines the impact of corruption on infrastructural development in Nigerian tertiary institutions. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, utilizing a structured questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of six hundred (600) respondents randomly selected from six institutions located in six states in South Western Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The findings of the study revealed that corruption has a significant negative impact on infrastructural development in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Other factors inhibiting infrastructural development include inadequate funding, poor accountability, lack of transparency, and the improper prosecution of corruption offenders, among others. The study also revealed that proper infrastructural development offers great benefits to Nigerian tertiary institutions, such as enabling students to learn in a conducive environment, enhancing knowledge retention, and attracting qualified staff. The study, therefore, recommends that funds released to higher institutions and their intended purposes be made public. Anti-corruption agencies should be empowered to effectively combat corruption in the education sector. Furthermore, improved welfare packages for workers and adequate funding for Nigerian tertiary institutions should be adopted to reduce the temptation for corrupt practices.
POLICY AND STRUCTURAL BARRIERS TO INDUSTRIAL REVITALIZATION IN NIGERIA’S SOUTH-EAST: EVIDENCE FROM MORIBUND MANUFACTURING FIRMS
This study examined the policy and structural barriers hindering the revitalization of moribund manufacturing industries in Nigeria’s South-East, with a focus on Aba Textile Mills, Modern Ceramics (Umuahia), Nigercem Cement Factory, and Standard Shoe Factory Owerri. The research aimed to determine the extent to which regulatory and licensing challenges affect industrial revitalization, assess how tax burden and multiple taxation influence revival prospects, and evaluate the impact of inadequate power supply on operational capacity. A descriptive survey design was employed, and data were collected using a structured four-point Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 150 managers and policymakers across the selected industries. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics—frequency, percentage, and mean scores—while multiple regression analysis was used to test the three hypotheses. The findings revealed that regulatory and licensing barriers significantly impeded revitalization efforts, with regression results indicating R = 0.641, R² = 0.411, p = 0.000. Tax burden and multiple taxation also exerted a strong negative influence on industrial revival, reflected in R = 0.693, R² = 0.480, p = 0.000. Inadequate power supply demonstrated the strongest effect on operational capacity, with R = 0.721, R² = 0.520, p = 0.000, indicating that 52% of variations in industrial performance were explained by power-related constraints. The study concluded that industrial decline in the South-East is driven largely by regulatory inefficiencies, fiscal pressures, and severe infrastructural weaknesses, particularly unstable electricity supply. It recommended regulatory reforms, a reduction of multiple taxation, and substantial investment in power infrastructure as key strategies to stimulate industrial revival.
AN APPRAISAL OF THE USE OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN PROMOTING ESSENTIAL FAMILY PRACTICES AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
This study appraised the use of interpersonal communication in promoting Essential Family Practices (EFP) among women of reproductive age in Anambra State, Nigeria. Given that both a mother and her unborn child face increased risks of illness and death if she becomes pregnant before the age of 18 or after the age of 35, the study is predicated on the idea that EFP should be a universal health policy under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Grounded in the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), the study aimed to determine whether respondents were familiar with the use of interpersonal communication strategies to promote and scale up EFP, and whether the campaign had a significant impact on respondents’ attitudes towards EFP. A total of 398 women of reproductive age were randomly selected from the population of women in Anambra State, located in Nigeria’s South East, using quantitative survey techniques. The total population of the study area was 2,281,688. The researcher used a questionnaire as the research instrument, and results were presented in simple frequency distribution tables. Findings revealed a significant correlation between interpersonal communication and the promotion of EFP among respondents, as well as a significant positive relationship between interpersonal communication and the practice of Essential Family Practices. It is therefore concluded that interpersonal communication plays a crucial role in health promotion. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that interpersonal communication in health programmes should be strengthened and complemented with other participatory communication paradigms to achieve policy objectives.
ENEOME, CHINWEOKWU EUGENIA; OKEKE, ONYEKA FRANCIS; OBIORA, PATIENCE AKUNNA
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLICE IN CURBING THE MENACE OF UNKNOWN GUNMEN IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
The menace of unknown gunmen in Anambra State is a very serious problem that requires collective effort to curb. These gunmen have carried out several destructive activities in every location they have visited, sparing no one from their acts of violence. They are also believed to be responsible for sustaining the sit-at-home phenomenon in the south-eastern region of Nigeria. This paper investigated the effectiveness of the police in curbing the menace of unknown gunmen in Anambra State. The Broken Windows Theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. A mixed methods research design was adopted, employing both questionnaires and in depth interviews (IDIs) as instruments for data collection. The questionnaire was administered to 378 respondents, while 8 participants were purposively selected for the in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that the strategies adopted by the police in combating the unknown gunmen were not effective. Collaboration between the police and other security agencies in addressing gun violence was also found to be poor. The study further identified the major challenges faced by the police, including inadequate funding, insufficient manpower, lack of modern equipment, and poor infrastructure to support effective policing. The paper recommended, among other measures, the building of trust between law enforcement and host communities to enhance intelligence gathering on potential threats. It also recommended the use of modern technologies such as surveillance cameras, drones, and data analytics to significantly improve the police’s capacity to monitor crime hotspots and respond swiftly to incidents involving gunmen.
Godwin Oliver Osadolor; Dr. Clement Emeka Ikezue
THE “NO VICTOR, NO VANQUISHED” MANTRA AND THE CHALLENGES OF NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN NIGERIA SINCE THE END OF THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR IN 1970
This study interrogates the “No Victor, No Vanquished” mantra proclaimed by General Yakubu Gowon at the end of the Nigeria–Biafra War in 1970, with particular attention to its implications for post-war reconciliation and national integration. The research aims to examine how the Federal Military Government’s post-war policies— embodied in the programmes of rehabilitation, reconstruction, and reconciliation—sought to translate the rhetoric of unity into practical governance and to evaluate their success and shortcomings in rebuilding inter-group trust. The study adopts a historical–analytical methodology, relying on qualitative content analysis of primary and secondary documentary sources such as government decrees, policy statements, academic monographs, and archival materials. Findings reveal that while the slogan “No Victor, No Vanquished” was conceived as a moral and political instrument for healing national wounds, its implementation was fraught with contradictions. Policies such as the Public Officers (Special Provisions) Decree No. 46 of 1970, the Banking Obligations (Eastern States) Decree, and the handling of abandoned properties generated perceptions of marginalisation and inequality that undermined genuine reconciliation. The study concludes that the mantra, though rhetorically unifying, failed to produce substantive national integration due to weak institutional follow-through, uneven policy enforcement, and the absence of inclusive justice mechanisms.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
This study examined the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth in Nigeria, spanning the period 1986 to 2023. An ex-post facto research design was employed to investigate variables such as credit to the private sector, interest rate and inflation as indicator variables for financial inclusion against economic growth. Using Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. The results revealed a mixed order of integration, which justifies the use of the ARDL bounds testing approach. The findings of this study suggested that financial inclusion variables exerted a strong and statistically significant positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria, both in the short run and in the long run. Conversely, the evidence suggested that credit to the private sector, interest rates, and inflation do not exert long-run influence. We recommended that financial sector regulators should adopt incentive mechanisms to encourage banks to establish more branches in areas with low financial penetration prioritizing literacy campaigns to equip citizens with the knowledge of inflation and interest rate. In addition, fostering innovation through financial technology can complement traditional banking by offering low-cost, scalable financial solutions that extend the reach of financial services and reduce the burden of physical infrastructure expansion.
SALES DIGITALIZATION AND SALES PERFORMANCE OF B2B SALESPERSONS IN NIGERIA
Abstract This research seeks to ascertain the effect of sales digitalization on sales and customer relationship performance. Specifically, this study examines how salesforce automation, social media use, customer relationship management technology, and artificial intelligence affect sales and customer relationship performance. Also, the test mediating effect of Sales-Service ambidexterity on the relationship between sales digitalization and performance. Based on the positivist philosophy, the study adopts a quantitative approach to sample 414 B2B salespeople. The non probability sampling method involving convenience sampling and snowballing technique were used to collect data from the salespeople online and offline. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and the hypotheses were tested using Structural Equations Modeling - path analysis via AMOS v.23. The result showed that Salesforce automation has a positive and significant effect on sales and customer relationship performance; social media use has a positive and significant effect on sales and customer relationship performance. It was also found that customer relationship management predicts sales negatively and positively predicts customer relationship performance and artificial intelligence is negatively associated with sales and customer relationship performance. The implication for practice is discussed.
Dike, Vivian Obianuju; Ojiaku, Obinna Christian; Nwaizugbo Ireneus Chukwudi
LOCAL STONE QUARRYING AND YOUTH SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF OKIGWE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IMO STATE, NIGERIA
Nature-given resources such as local stone quarries have become alternative means of livelihood among rural communities in Nigeria, particularly in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo. State in particular. This paper therefore, examined local stone quarrying and the socio-economic empowerment of youths in rural communities in Okigwe local government area of Imo State, Nigeria. The study was guided by five research objectives, along with corresponding research questions and hypotheses. The population of the study was 193. The instruments for data collection included questionnaire and in-depth interview. The theoretical framework adopted for the study was the Environmental Factor Theory. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS), and Spearman's rank-order correlation was employed for hypotheses testing. A Cross section design was adopted. The findings revealed that local stone quarrying significantly empowered the youths both socially and economically. These benefits were observed in areas such as income generation and enhanced social relevance when compared to youths in other occupations. It also enabled them to embark on self-help projects such as building their houses and saving money to start businesses. Moreover, it discouraged their involvement in deviant behaviours and contributed to their psychological stable in their rural communities. It was recommended that the government should encourage them by donating periodically excavating tools such as digger, shovels among others.
Duru, Fidelia Amara PhD; Nwaugo, Valentine Chinonso PhD
INFLATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
In this research, we examined the effect of inflation on output growth in Nigeria utilizing annualized data covering the period 1990 – 2023, which were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin of various issues. This study employed ex-post research design. Some preliminary tests were performed to ensure data stationarity, and also ascertain how well the series were distributed. While Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) was adopted for the former, descriptive statistics explained the latter. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique was used to estimate the variables. Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) formed the dependent variable, Inflation Rate (INFR), Interest Rate, domestic investment and Exchange Rate (EXCHR) made up the independent variables. Statistical outcomes were interpreted based on a 5 percent level of significance. The regression results indicated that inflation and investment had a negative and non-significant effects on output growth (measured by RGDP), while interest rate and exchange rate had a positive effect for the period studied. We, therefore, recommend that government should adopt a sound monetary policy measure to control inflation, low interest rate to encourage domestic investment, managed float exchange rate for import dependent economy like Nigeria to improve GDP.
GENDER AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG FINAL-YEAR STUDENTS IN NIGERIAN POLYTECHNICS
Entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged as a critical driver of economic growth and job creation, particularly in developing countries. Understanding the factors that influence students' entrepreneurial intentions is vital for designing effective educational and policy interventions. This study investigates the role of gender in shaping the entrepreneurial intentions of final-year students at the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State. Specifically, the study examines whether male and female students differ significantly in their behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and personal attitudes toward entrepreneurship. The study was underpinned by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A survey research design was adopted, and primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of final-year students. Regression analysis was employed to analyze the data using SPSS. The findings revealed a significant relationship between behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, personal attitudes, and entrepreneurial intentions. However, while both male and female students exhibited positive entrepreneurial intentions, gender-based disparities were observed in terms of risk tolerance, access to entrepreneurial role models, and confidence in starting a business. The study concluded that gender has a significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of final-year students at the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro. Therefore, there is a need for gender-responsive entrepreneurship education and support systems to harness the full potential of young graduates, irrespective of gender.
Amusan, Oluwaseun M. & Ibrahim Yusuf Kolapo
CONTENT MARKETING AND CUSTOMER PATRONAGE OF MOBILE FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY SERVICES IN CALABAR, NIGERIA
This study examined content marketing and customer patronage of mobile financial technology (FinTech) services in Calabar, Nigeria. It aimed to assess the effect of financial educational content, thought leadership, and social media engagement on customer patronage. The study was underpinned by the dynamic theory of innovation. Using a cross-sectional survey design, primary data were collected from 232 mobile FinTech users in Calabar through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis, while multiple linear regression was used for hypothesis testing. Findings revealed that financial educational content, thought leadership, and social media engagement significantly and positively influenced customer patronage of mobile FinTech services. Based on these findings, the study recommended that mobile FinTech managers in Nigeria adopt financial education strategies, such as publishing accessible blog posts, personalized newsletters, and hosting interactive webinars to simplify financial concepts. To enhance thought leadership, companies should publish expert articles, trend reports, and opinion pieces on local financial solutions, establishing themselves as trusted advisors. Additionally, social media platforms should be leveraged to share engaging infographics, encourage satisfied customers to share experiences, and collaborate with credible influencers to build trust and broaden their audience. These strategies aim to strengthen customer engagement, boost trust, and increase patronage of mobile FinTech services in Nigeria.
Eko, Hodo Anna; Dr. Edim Eka James; Muze, John Iwara; Umoh Eunice Etukudo
PRODUCT AESTHETICS AND CONSUMER BRAND PREFERENCE FOR BODY SPRAY FRAGRANCE AMONG YOUNG CONSUMERS IN NIGERIA
In today's competitive marketplace, product differentiation based on traditional factors like price and quality has become increasingly challenging. Consequently, aesthetics has emerged as a significant differentiating factor. The study examines the effect of product aesthetics on consumer preference for body spray fragrances among young consumers in Nigeria. The problem addressed is the lack of sufficient research on how aesthetics— particularly color, shape, and scent—affect consumer choices in this demographic, despite companies investing significantly in design. The objective was to investigate the impact of these aesthetic dimensions on students’ brand preferences for body spray fragrances. A descriptive survey design was employed to gather data used to test the three hypotheses formulated for the study. Using a structured questionnaire, the research gathers data from 396 respondents, with 285 valid responses analyzed using multiple regression. The findings reveal that all three dimensions—color, shape, and scent—have significant positive effects on consumer brand preference. Scent aesthetics showed the strongest effect on brand preference, followed by shape and color. Students indicated that aesthetically pleasing packaging and sensory elements (such as scent and shape) drive their brand preference. The study recommends that fragrance companies emphasize product design, particularly scent and shape, to align with consumer preferences. The study concludes that product aesthetics are crucial in shaping consumer preferences and recommends that marketers in the body spray industry invest in aesthetic design elements to enhance brand appeal and attract young consumers.
DRIVING YOUTH EMPLOYABILITY THROUGH FEDERAL GOVERNMENT APPRENTICESHIP SCHEMES: THE CASE OF SOUTH SOUTHERN NIGERIA
This study examined youth employability in multinational companies and whether Federal Government Apprenticeship Schemes drive employability in South –Southern Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative research design. The capital cities of four South-Southern States were selected for the study due to their large economic activities and the centers of the Federal Government Apprenticeship Schemes in South-Southern Nigeria. A total of 360 owners of micro, small and medium enterprises trained in Federal Government Apprenticeship Schemes were used as the sample for the study. The study utilized a structured questionnaire to elicit information from 20 different but most desirable traders/craftsmen who have gone through Government’s apprenticeship Scheme. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and analysis of variance. Results of the study indicate that federal government apprenticeship scheme has contributed significantly to job creation in South-Southern Nigeria through impartation of skills to unemployed youths, however, it has not contributed to youth employability in multinational corporations. On the basis of the above findings, the study concluded that federal government apprenticeship scheme in Nigeria has potentials to generate higher income and create jobs but should be multi-dimensional in approach with modern skills and implemented in local communities to trickle down the job creation capacity of the schemes.
Okeyika, Okezie Kenechukwu; Uzoechina, Benedict Ikemefuna; Jegbefumwen Kenneth; Ozulumba John Ifeanyi; Ekwoh, Geraldine Amaka
THE ROLE OF MIGRANTS AS AGENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE INFORMAL ECONOMY OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
This study explores the role of migrants as agents of sustainability and development within the informal economy of Ondo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to: examine the socio-economic characteristics of migrants in the informal sector; identify the types of enterprises that constitute the informal sector in the study area; and assess the impact of migrant workers on the sustainability of the informal sector economy. Primary data was used for this study. The data was gathered through a series of fieldwork conducted on randomly selected small-scale businesses located in the Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State. Information on the socio economic characteristics of business owners in two areas—Adeyemi College Road and Odotu Area—was collected using a well-structured questionnaire. These areas were purposively selected due to the high concentration of informal sector workers. The purposive sampling technique was employed, and the Yamane (1967) formula was used to determine an appropriate sample size from the study population, as it was impractical to administer questionnaires to all residents in the area. A total of 340 respondents were selected. The collected data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics (frequency counts and cross-tabulations) and inferential statistics (Chi-square analysis). The study revealed that 167 respondents (49.12%) identified unemployment as the primary motivator for engaging in the informal sector of the economy. It also found that 266 respondents (78.23%) among migrant workers in the informal sector were engaged in trading activities. Furthermore, the majority of migrant workers in this sector were found to live on between ₦1,370 and ₦2,740 (approximately $0.86–$1.71) per day—below the World Bank’s poverty threshold of $2.15 per day. Chi-square analysis (χ² (2, N = 340) = 264.548, p ≤ 0.05) indicated that migrant workers in Ondo State’s informal economy have a statistically significant impact on sustainability outcomes. The study concludes by recommending that policymakers prioritize inclusive social protection programs, resource management training, and gender equity initiatives to enhance sustainability outcomes. By highlighting the intersections of migration, informality, and sustainable development, the study provides a nuanced understanding of how migrant populations can serve as catalysts for inclusive growth. The research calls for a reimagining of urban and economic policy frameworks to reflect the realities and potential of informal migrant actors in building equitable and resilient futures.
Oluwaseun Mercy OLALEYE PhD; Babawale Akin ADEYEMI PhD; Atinuke Deborah AKINRINLOLA
ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE, FIRM SIZE AND PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS (DMBS) IN NIGERIA
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the Enterprise Risk Management Committee (ERMC) on the performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, with firm size as a mediating variable. Specifically, the study investigated the mediating effect of firm size on the relationship between ERMC size, ERMC activism, ERMC composition, ERMC gender diversity, and ERMC expertise, and firm performance, measured by return on capital employed (ROCE). An ex-post facto research design was adopted, as the study did not involve the manipulation of variables but aimed to establish effects and mediation. The population comprised listed DMBs in Nigeria, and a purposive sample of ten (10) banks was selected based on the availability of annual reports over an 11-year period (2012–2022), which defined the time scope of the study. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results revealed that firm size did not significantly mediate the relationship between ERMC size, ERMC activism, and ERMC gender diversity and firm performance. However, firm size significantly mediated the effect of ERMC composition and ERMC expertise on the performance of DMBs in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommends that banks, regardless of their size, should maintain a moderately sized ERMC in compliance with existing regulations. While considering their unique contexts, banks should adhere to regulatory guidelines on ERMC meeting frequency, as excessively frequent meetings may increase operational costs. Banks are also encouraged to include more non-executive members in the ERMC. Additionally, smaller banks should seek to expand in order to benefit from the positive mediating effect of firm size on the relationship between ERMC composition and expertise and firm performance. The gender composition of the ERMC should not be a major concern, regardless of the bank’s size. Lastly, banks should ensure that their ERMCs include more non-executive members with strong accounting expertise.
Chinedu Jonathan Ndubuisi; Nma Anastasia Sylvanus; Chidiogo Esther Egoh
FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN ACCESS BANK NIGERIA PLC, CALABAR
The focus of this study was on flexible work arrangements and employee retention in Access Bank Plc, Calabar. It specifically investigated the effects of work hours flexibility, remote-hybrid work options and flexible time-off on employee retention. A cross-sectional research design was adopted and primary data were obtained from 323 employees of Access Bank Plc in Calabar through a structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics while the hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple regression. The findings of the study revealed that work hours flexibility, remote-hybrid work options and flexible time-off had significant positive effects on employee retention in Access Bank Plc. Hence, the study recommended that managers of commercial banks should implement work hours flexibility by offering options such as flexible scheduling, compressed workweeks, part-time work, and shift swapping, allowing employees to tailor their work hours to better fit personal commitments. It was also recommended that managers of commercial banks should implement flexible remote-hybrid work options, including full remote and hybrid models, by offering employees the choice to work from home or the office based on their roles, while ensuring proper communication tools, clear performance metrics, and regular check-ins for seamless collaboration.
Pepple, Grace Jamie; Enyioma Chinwendu Iwuanyanwu; Fajulugbe Adeshola Temitayo; Agim John Jude; George Oben-Etchi
WORK-LIFE BALANCE INITIATIVES AND JOB SATISFACTION OF FEMALE BANKERS IN ACCESS BANK NIGERIA PLC, CALABAR
This study examined work-life balance initiatives and job satisfaction of female bankers in Access Bank Nigeria Plc. It specifically sought to establish the effects of flexible work arrangements, employee wellness programmes and paid-off time on job satisfaction among female bankers. Cross-sectional research design was adopted. The study relied on primary data obtained from 246 female employees of Access Bank Plc in Calabar through a structured questionnaire. The data were descriptively analyzed and the hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple regression. The findings of the study revealed that flexible work arrangements, employee wellness programmes and paid-off time had significant positive effects on job satisfaction among female employees of Access Bank Plc, Calabar. Hence, the study recommended that managers of commercial banks should implement flexible work arrangements, such as remote work, hybrid schedules, and compressed workweeks, through clear policies, supportive technology, and regular communication to accommodate work-life balance, which will enhance job satisfaction by reducing stress and increasing autonomy. It was also recommended that managers of commercial banks should implement tailored employee wellness programmes that include mental health counseling, stress management workshops, and physical fitness exercises, ensuring flexible scheduling and accessibility to accommodate female employees' work-life balance.
Pepple, Grace Jamie; Agim John Jude; Fajulugbe Adeshola Temitayo; Orisa Johnson