AN APPRAISAL OF THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Internal displacement remains one of the most significant humanitarian and human rights challenges facing Nigeria. Armed conflicts, particularly the Boko Haram insurgency, communal violence and insecurity have resulted in the displacement of millions of persons, creating serious challenges relating to protection, assistance and durable solutions. In response, Nigeria has developed legal and institutional framework for the protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs) through constitutional obligations, international treaties, national policies and humanitarian institutions. This article examines the legal and institutional framework for protecting internally displaced persons, with particular focus on the role of key institutions and the challenges affecting implementation. This article argues that although Nigeria has made important progress through the laws on Internally Displaced Persons, participation in regional protection mechanisms and the establishment of institutions such as the National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons, significant protection gaps remain. These include weak implementation of legal obligations, insecurity in displacement camps, inadequate access to basic services, limited accountability mechanisms and challenges in achieving durable solutions. This article concludes that sustainable protection of Internally displaced persons requires a multidimensional approach that harmonizes legal frameworks, strengthens institutional mandates, and prioritizes human dignity.