JOURNAL
type: channel
description: This platform serves as a centralized hub for hosting and indexing academic papers from a variety of scholarly journals. Its primary objective is to increase the online visibility of Nigerian research and amplify the contributions of Nigerian researchers within the global academic community. The platform ensures a streamlined publishing process and adherence to international scholarly standards. By offering open access to peer-reviewed research, the platform not only supports knowledge dissemination but also fosters greater academic collaboration and recognition for Nigerian scholarship. All content is submitted by individual authors through their respective journals, ensuring both academic integrity and a diverse range of research output.
language: en
publication name: JOURNAL
items: Utilizing Internal Resources for Accelerated Economic Transformation of Nigeria: Through a Culture of Good Entrepreneurship
items: Exploring French Language Studies for an Effective Conflict Resolution between Nigeria and her Francophone Neighbours
items: L’etui Triangulaire De La Liberte Feminine: Les Optiques Beyaliennes
items: L’AFRIQUE DE NOUVELLES “MIGRAINES” SOUS L’OEIL DE BEYALA
items: THE STIPULATIONS FOR ENGLISH IN THE NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
items: DEIXIS AS A STRATEGY FOR EXCLUSION IN INFORMAL INTERACTIONS
items: AN ETHICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTHROPOCENE: AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE
items: Analysis of Death in Heidegger’s Philosophy
items: A Critique of Moral Relativism
items: THE ROLE OF NNEWI MARKET WOMEN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY SINCE THE 20TH CENTURY
items: Knowledge of menstrual hygiene among the in-school adolescent girls in Oji River Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria
items: Determinant and utilization of maternal and child health care services among women of reproductive age in Enugu State, Nigeria
items: SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN ENUGU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
items: Public Perception of Factors Associated with Antenatal Care Utilization among Women in Awka South LGA of Anamabra State, Nigeria
items: Socio-cultural Factors Affecting Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy in AwkaSouth
items: Assessment of Community-Based Maternal Health Care Models for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria: A Literature Review
items: Socio-Cultural Determinants of Drug and Substance Use among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A Literature Review
items: INTERROGATING THE MINDS OF ROBOTS
items: SOCIO-ECONOMIC FORMATION OF SOCIETY: A PHILOSOPHICAL SURVEY OF THE MARXISTS’ DIALECTICAL CONCEPTION OF SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT VIS-À-VIS THE NIGERIAN STATE
items: THE IGBO APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM “NWA BOY/IGBA BOI” AS A REFLECTION OF IGWEBUIKE PHILOSOPHY
items: AN “ECOLOGICAL INTEGRATION: UNVEILLING THE VISION OF POPE FRANCIS’ LAUDATO SI AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN AFRICA”
items: UNBUNDLING METAPHYSICS AND METAPHYSICAL THINKING IN POSTMODERN REGIME
items: HARNESSING THE FECUND DEPTHS OF HUMAN SUBJECTIVITY: A SELF RELIANCIST’S THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT
items: Combating Radicalism and Violent Extremism in Local Communities: Perspectives and Practices
items: Egbe belu ugo belu: The Igbo-African Approach to the Principle of Letting-be in Martin Heidegger’s Philosophy
items: CONFIGURING A MORALITY-BASED LEADERSHIP THROUGH EDUCATION: TOWARDS A VALUE-ORIENTED NATION-BUILDING IN NIGERIA
items: MURAL ARTS IN ANAMBRA STATE-NIGERIA: IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED STREET ARTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO NATION- BUILDING
items: THE PLAYWRIGHT IN A STATE OF TERROR: A CRITICAL ANALYSES OF TWO SELECTED PLAYS
items: SEXUALITY AND WOMANHOOD IN SELECTED NIGERIAN FILMS
items: Effective Prosthetics Artistry and Character Costuming in Nollywood Films: Challenges of the Nollywood Designers

Utilizing Internal Resources for Accelerated Economic Transformation of Nigeria: Through a Culture of Good Entrepreneurship
type: item
description: The priority of any nation is the ability to utilized internal resources that is endowered in the land through a good culture of entrepreneurship which usually yield to sustainable development. A culture of good entrepreneurship, more especially internal resources transforms poor economy of a nation and makes a way forward. The paper argues that through effective participation and performance of entrepreneurship, for true meaningful economic transformation of the Nigeria economy. Nigeria, like all other developing countries is as a result of these problems experiencing syndromes of poverty, which the developed industrialized countries never experienced. This paper focus attention on meaning of entrepreneurship culture, the role of entrepreneurship in sustaining development, constrains to the development of entrepreneurship, how to ensure a culture of good entrepreneurship in Nigeria etc to ensure that futuristic plans were actualized. Finally, recommendations and conclusion are made.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Amuche Austine A.; Hafsat Odunola Aroyehun; Oguchi Uzoamaka Tessy
rights: Copyright (c) 2020
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

Exploring French Language Studies for an Effective Conflict Resolution between Nigeria and her Francophone Neighbours
type: item
description: Language particularly the human language has remained the chief means of communication within the various human enclaves. It is therefore an indispensable tool that has been explored in various ways by man in order to meet his needs, attain his goals and aspirations as well resolve his conflicts. However, because human languages vary from one social enclave to another, language barrier remains a major factor that has hampered effective relations between individuals, communities and nation states. Hence, the need for language studies cannot be overemphasised. This study therefore seeks to examine ways of exploring language studies particularly French language for more enhanced relations and effective conflict resolutions between Nigeria and her francophone neighbours considering her geopolitical location. Thus, this paper is explored from the pragmatics perspective to the study of language in order to properly examine the subject. The inferential model of the linguistic communication study is specifically adopted. Suggested ways of exploring French Languages studies for an effective conflict resolution between Nigeria and her francophone neighbours include the reviewing of the Nigerian Education Policy on Language Studies by making French language a mandatory subject at all levels in all formal institutions of learning and formation. The restructuring of the French language studies curriculum at various levels to include topics such as the use of language skills in critical thinking, cross-cultural communication and conflict resolution. This way Nigeria and her francophone neighbours will have an enhanced relations devoid of suspicion, thus will be able to resolve conflicts more effectively without any language barrier.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Offor, Ngozika Ogechukwu; Oguchi Uzoamaka Tessy
rights: Copyright (c) 2019
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

L’etui Triangulaire De La Liberte Feminine: Les Optiques Beyaliennes
type: item
description: Les femmes, surtout celles de l’Afrique sub-saharienne, semblent porter les poids qui empêchent le développement de leur capacité et l’évolution de leur personnalité. Elles se plient sur les fardeaux de tradition, de religion, d’exigences sociétales et des us et coutumes, etc. Calixthe Beyala, à travers ses œuvres littéraires, est une des voix qui s’érigent et protestent contre cette injustice séculaire perpétrée sur les femmes. La lecture de ses romans dévoile non seulement l’existence d’un étui suffoquant mais aussi celle d’un schéma triangulaire à travers lequel l’injustice est commise. Le schéma va de la soumission à la maternité en passant par la sexualité. Cette communication vise donc à retracer ce schéma à travers les multiples œuvres de Beyala et à communiquer les opinions et les points de vue de celle-ci.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Oguchi Uzoamaka Tessy
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

L’AFRIQUE DE NOUVELLES “MIGRAINES” SOUS L’OEIL DE BEYALA
type: item
description: L’Afrique se présente comme un continent à maints problèmes. De l’esclavage à la neo colonisation en passant par la christianisation forcée et la colonisation l’Afrique n’a jamais été à l’abri des maux qui la rongent et ces maux avec leurs conséquences dévastatrices deviennent la thématique de prédilection pour des écrivains africains de l’ancienne génération qui se misaient sur la politique et la violence politico-sociale de cette ère.Dans les œuvres des auteurs africains d’aujourd’hui, comme Beyala, la politique est mise en marge de la violence et celle-ci est maintenant abordée par le truchement des différents maux qui rongent les sociétés : la misère, les dangers écologiques, 1'ignorance, la décomposition du cercle familiale, l’insécurité, la marginalisation des femmes, etcetera. L’objectif primorial de cette communication consiste donc à faire état de ces truchements par lesquels les écrivains d’Afrique d’aujourd’hui, conne Beyala, abordent les « nouveaux maux » qui persistent à ronger l’Afrique. Il importe de souligner qu’à travers le dévoilement des maux qui minent leur continent ces écrivains expriment à la fois leur desenchantement de citoyen et leur engagement d’écrivain.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Oguchi Uzoamaka Tessy; Okorie Martha, PhD; Ekwulonu Ikechukwu G., PhD
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

THE STIPULATIONS FOR ENGLISH IN THE NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
type: item
description: The dominant role played by the English language in Nigeria is undeniably a crucial one. It serves as a general communicative medium in the country because of Nigeria’s indigenous languages. Lawani supports this when he noted that “it is a neutral language in view of the ethno-political situation of the country (202). Apart from being the language used by the three tiers of government to pass information to the masses, it serves as the language of inter-ethnic interaction especially among the literate class. In other words, it is a lingua franca. The prominence given the language in both the constitution and the NPE therefore is a well-deserved one. However, this prominence does not correspond to acceptable proficiency level in the use of the language. It is a commonplace to find university graduates who speak and write very bad English (which some today categorize as Nigerian English). We must note that Nigerian English is not what is taught. In other words, something is wrong somewhere. In this paper, that which is wrong is taken to be inadequate stipulations for English in the NPE.
subject: Articles
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creator: Chinyeaka, Lauretta O.
rights: Copyright (c) 2011
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

DEIXIS AS A STRATEGY FOR EXCLUSION IN INFORMAL INTERACTIONS
type: item
description: Deictic expressions are those linguistic forms employed to realize 'pointing' via language. They depend for their interpretation on the speaker and hearer sharing the same context. They have their most basic uses in face-to-face inter- actions where utterances are more easily understood by the people present. In language use there are issues that are private to people and so in the course of verbal interactions between individuals, other people could eavesdrop and share information not intended for them. The need therefore arises for a means of maintaining secrecy in informal interactions apart from whispering or speaking in low tones. The study seeks to find out the functions that deictic expressions perform apart from pointing, the peculiar feature of deictic expressions that lend them as tools for preserving privacy and the impact of deixis as a strategy for exclusion in informal interactions. To carry out this research, an unobtrusive participant observation method was adopted using the tape recorder. Findings revealed that apart from performing the functions of pointing, deictic forms were used by participants in the discourse in the various informal situations as a means of exclusion to persons who were not party to the discourse. Most expressions used to maintain secrecy in the informal interactions therefore were deictic in nature.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Chinyeaka Lauretta
rights: Copyright (c) 2018
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

AN ETHICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTHROPOCENE: AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE
type: item
description: The Anthropocene is a geological epoch characterized by human-induced disruption and its corresponding adverse effect on the ecosystem. Human activities have exerted disruptive effects on the environment resulting in imminent global challenges ranging from climate change to deforestation, and these pose a threat to human habitation. There is an obvious correlation between environmental degradation and human habitation. In Africa, it has become problematic to articulate the nature of ethics that ought to guide the human-nature relationship which is founded on indigenous environmental orientation. Some researchers have seriously argued that Africa is ontologically anthropocentric, given the idea of human persons being the center of reality. The research employs the method of hermeneutics to examine the environmental orientation of the African people and argues for suitable environmental ethics that can address the recent environmental challenges and ensure sustainability. The research adopts the concept of Ubuntu to argue for the extension of the principles of Ubuntu to the environment because the health of the environment is invariably the health of humans.
subject: Articles
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creator: Anthony Nwokoye & Dr. Chinedu Ifeakor
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

Analysis of Death in Heidegger’s Philosophy
type: item
description: This paper explores Martin Heidegger's approach to death and how it affects our understanding of human nature. Heidegger's examination of death is grounded in his understanding of Dasein, which he views as the core framework of existence. According to Heidegger, dying is not something that occurs to us but rather a constant aspect of who we are. His theory of temporality, which holds that the past, present, and future shape our existence, is intimately tied to Heidegger's explanation of death. Heidegger's conception of authenticity, which holds that we must acknowledge our mortality and lead meaningful lives, is connected to his examination of death. Heidegger's concept of finitude, which is the notion that life is finite and that we must make the most of it, is connected to his examination of death. This essay will investigate how Heidegger's examination of death might aid in our understanding of the human condition and our position in the universe.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Chinedu Ifeakor
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

A Critique of Moral Relativism
type: item
description: This paper makes a critique of moral relativism. There are currently valid, objective reasons to choose one culture's moral standards over another. Societies make moral choices based on their unique beliefs, customs, and practises. As a result of that, the researcher deems it fit to adopt an expository method to carry out this work. The essence of this is to explore and examine its social consequences. The researcher concludes by saying that moral values should not be restricted to absolutism or relativism, but rather, the two approaches should be ascertained.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Chinedu Ifeakor
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

THE ROLE OF NNEWI MARKET WOMEN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY SINCE THE 20TH CENTURY
type: item
description: The role of Nnewi women in African historiography has become a topic of interest in contemporary history. Despite the quantity of writing about women and women's history, the evidence available indicates that these women are still either rarely or wrongly portrayed as leading figures in works of African history literature. The few existing works tend to capture or portray them as innately passive, inferior and subordinate, suffering under male oppression forever. Against this backdrop, the paper will showcase the relevant roles Nnewi market women have played in the development of historiography. The question is, what have Nnewi Market women contributed to developing historiography as a discipline.What were the specific roles these women played in the study of history. The paper establishes that through their economic activities, political struggles, and socio-cultural activities, Nnewi market women have challenged and, by extension, encouraged the reevaluation of traditional narratives that portray women as passive actors in the spheres, as mentioned earlier, despite the diverse challenges they experience. As a means of examining the role of Nnewi market women in shaping gender discourses in African historiography, this paper relied on primary and secondary sources such as oral interviews and scholarly works on African women's history/studies in books, journal articles, internet materials, and etcetera. It adopts the qualitative method of historical research(descriptive essay) in its approach to data analysis and strongly argues that greater diversity and inclusivity of gender in historical reconstruction will promote justice and fairness in African society and advance the development of historiography.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Chinyere Phillis Chikwendu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05

Knowledge of menstrual hygiene among the in-school adolescent girls in Oji River Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Menstrual hygiene is highly vital to women; however, adolescent girls who may not have had prior information before menarche, or who have not been educated always face a difficult situation. This study examined the knowledge of menstrual hygiene among the in-school adolescent girls in Oji River LGA. The data was obtained using a questionnaire survey. The statistical techniques employed to analyze the data was descriptive statistics, such as simple percentages and frequency tables. Evidently, the study shows that a good number of students have knowledge of menstrual hygiene in the study area. In addition, the study reveals that mothers play a good role in educating their girls about menstrual hygiene. Based on the findings, the study recommends that: girls should be educated about menstrual hygiene prior to their puberty, however, this should continue throughout their adolescent years; mothers of adolescent girls should be an integral part of all programs on menstrual hygiene; more sensitization programs on menstrual hygiene are needed by the government and non governmental organizations, among others.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Ofonere, Ifeanyi Ikenna; Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

Determinant and utilization of maternal and child health care services among women of reproductive age in Enugu State, Nigeria
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description: Maternal and child health care refers to the treatment of the mother before, during, and after childbirth. In this study, the factors influencing maternal and child healthcare services in Enugu State were examined. Symbolic interactionist theory provides the study's theoretical framework. The design approach was ex-post facto, which is based on already documented pieces of evidence. Data were extracted and used from secondary sources like textbooks, journals, newspapers, and online organizational publications. The study's conclusions show that Enugu state residents underutilize maternal and child health care services. It also found some factors affecting maternal and child healthcare services such as income, accessibility/availability of healthcare services, education, employment, and inequality. The study recommends that accessibility/availability of health care services should be ensured by Governmental and non-governmental organizations. The free maternal and child health care policy, established by the government, should be properly implemented to be effective in all communities (both urban and rural).
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Ifeanyi Ikenna Ofonere
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN ENUGU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
type: item
description: Maternal and child health care services involve the care given to a woman during pregnancy and after birth as well as her child. This study scrutinized social factors affecting maternal and child health care services in Enugu East Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. The theoretical framework for the study is symbolic interactionist theory. Cross sectional survey design was adopted. The study participants were mothers of child bearing age (15-49) residents of Enugu East Local Government Area. The sample size was 400 respondents. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used in the study. The major instruments of data collection used were questionnaire and In Depth Interviews (IDI) guide. Quantitative data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and analyzed using percentages and frequency distribution tables. Qualitative data were provided from the transcription of the electronic recorded interview and field notes and analyzed using manual thematic content analysis technique. Findings of the study indicate that there is adequate provision and underutilization of maternal and child health care services in Enugu East Local Government Area. It also found some social factors affecting maternal and child health care services such as: income, accessibility/availability, education, place of· residence, employment and gender inequality. The study recommends that accessibility/availability of health care services should be ensured by the government and nongovernmental organizations. The free maternal and child health care policy established by government should be properly implemented to be effective in all the communities (both urban and rural).
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye
rights: Copyright (c) 2020
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

Public Perception of Factors Associated with Antenatal Care Utilization among Women in Awka South LGA of Anamabra State, Nigeria
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description: This paper examined public perception of the factors associated with antenatal care utilization among women in Awka South LGA. The objectives of this study were guided by conceptual issues such as; the state of antenatal care utilization among women, factors influencing antenatal care utilization among women, effects of poor antenatal care utilization among women, measures that could be put in place to improve antenatal care utilization among women in Awka South LGA. The research employed a mixed methods research design using a sample size of 204 respondents. Data collected from the questionnaire were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software application version 23. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and simple percentages. The hypotheses were tested using the Chi-square (X2) statistics. The qualitative data collected from the field were transcribed which was thoroughly edited, analyzed thematically using narrative method of qualitative data analysis. The study identified distance to clinic as primary socio cultural factors that determine the utilization of antenatal care service among women in Awka South Local Government Area. The study also found out that maternal death, pregnancy complications, infant death among others as effects of poor antenatal care services in Awka South Local Government Area. Finally, the research recommends that free and subsidized antenatal care service, improved facility infrastructure, community mobilization among others were listed as measures to improve antenatal care utilization among women in Awka South LGA.
subject: Articles
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creator: Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Gloria Nwakego Chukwuemeka; Chisom Anaestasi Ubaezuonu; Onyedikachi Goodness Okocha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

Socio-cultural Factors Affecting Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy in AwkaSouth
type: item
description: This study investigated socio-cultural factors affecting maternal nutrition during pregnancy in Awka South LGA. The specific objectives examined the current situation of pregnant women, cultural practices affecting dietary choices of pregnant women, social factors and measures to improve the maternal nutrition of pregnant women. Three theories were reviewed namely: Social constraints theory, life course theory and health belief model. Subsequently, health belief model was adopted as the theoretical framework. The mixed methods research design and mixed sampling procedure were used in this study. The study sampled 204 persons aged 15-49 years living in Awka South LGA. The quantitative data (i.e., questionnaires) were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and simple percentages while the qualitative data (interview responses) collected in the field were analyzed using the thematic method of data analysis. Two hypotheses were tested using Chi–square (x) test statistics and results were found to have positive relationships. Other findings show that majority of the respondents agree that income is a major factor that affects maternal nutrition of pregnant women in the area. A few other contributory factors are cultural practices, Distance to markets, source of support and level of education. The results indicate that while many pregnant women in Awka South consume nutritious meals, cultural beliefs and income levels greatly influence their dietary choices. Education had no significant effect, but free supplements, health talks, and food programmes helped improve maternal nutrition. Based on these findings, the study recommends nutrition education and culturally sensitive interventions to correct harmful food beliefs. It also advises economic support, free supplements, and strong community–health partnerships to improve and sustain maternal nutrition.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Gloria Nwakego Chukwuemeka; Nneoma Emelechi Okoye; Onyinyechi Emmanuella Obiefuna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

Assessment of Community-Based Maternal Health Care Models for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria: A Literature Review
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description: Nigeria faces a dual crisis of high maternal mortality and widespread internal displacement driven by conflict. This narrative literature review synthesizes evidence on community-based maternal health care models designed to serve internally displaced persons (IDPs) and conflict-affected populations in Nigeria. Drawing from existing studies spanning 2013-2025, this review examines intervention types, effectiveness, implementation challenges, and policy implications. The evidence reveals diverse community-based approaches including mobile health clinics, community health workers, emergency transport schemes, volunteer obstetrician programs, and faith-based initiatives. These interventions have demonstrated significant improvements in maternal health outcomes, with documented reductions in maternal mortality ratios ranging from 16.8% to 37%, substantial increases in antenatal care coverage, and improved facility delivery rates. However, persistent barriers including insecurity, inadequate funding, cultural norms, and weak health infrastructure continue to challenge sustainable implementation. This review provides critical insights for policymakers, humanitarian organizations, and health practitioners working to improve maternal health outcomes in displacement and conflict settings.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Leona Adimchi Eke; Bisiola Ekelechi Okoye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

Socio-Cultural Determinants of Drug and Substance Use among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A Literature Review
type: item
description: The increasing prevalence of drug and substance use among pregnant women poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. Drawing on the body of existing research, including publications and articles, this theoretical paper attempts to investigate the determinants of drug and substance use among pregnant women in Nigeria. The Social Learning Theory (SLT) is adopted as the theoretical framework. This paper identifies important factors that affect drug and substance use among pregnant women in Nigeria. Through a thorough analysis of secondary data. These factors include maternal age, partner/husband and maternal education level, monthly income, occupation, partner/husband's substance use, healthcare access, maternal age, socioeconomic status, lack of awareness, societal stigma, place of residence, stress, and cultural beliefs. The study also addresses the effects of drug and substance use on pregnancy outcomes and emphasizes the necessity of focused treatments and legislative changes. To reduce drug and substance use among pregnant women, this paper advocates that the government and non-governmental organizations should consider subsidizing the cost of antenatal medications, community engagement, enhancing public health initiatives, and educational programs aimed at reducing drug use and improving maternal and child health outcomes.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Ifeoma Elizabeth Ohachenu; Joshua Akaolisa Ojiochie
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

INTERROGATING THE MINDS OF ROBOTS
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description: This paper raises the question; do robots have minds? In its appraisal of recent ascription of intelligence to machine, the paper argues that intelligence is an attribute of a first-order mentality which only human mind possesses. Mind, in the Cartesian glance, is a conscious and thinking substance. The paper therefore examines whether robots which perform these acts have minds. While theorists like Hilary Putnam and Gilbert Ryle deny that mind (as a non-physical substance) exists, others like John Searle contend that machines can perform mental activities attributed to the mind. While opposing first order-mental acts to robots, we argue that robots’ actions are solely determined; thus robots lack real, spontaneous emotion and introspective capacity which are bases for moral intelligence.
subject: Articles
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creator: Isaac Chidi Igwe, PhD
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FORMATION OF SOCIETY: A PHILOSOPHICAL SURVEY OF THE MARXISTS’ DIALECTICAL CONCEPTION OF SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT VIS-À-VIS THE NIGERIAN STATE
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description: Historically, Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism have been employed by the Marxists to explain the scientific and historical processes, respectively, of societal development from primitive stage to the advanced stage. Scientifically, societal development/transformation follows inherent natural laws which spark development from within through a dialectical process and in the same light, historically, society evolved as a result of inherent internal contradictions in a socio-economic formation (which are also dialectical), leading to a new social formation or socio-economic formation. The Nigerian nation state’s socio-economic formation situation is not the exact replica of what was obtainable in the pre capitalist and full-blown bourgeoisie system of the era of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels where the key means of production were in control of the capitalists. The capitalists’ control of means of production made it possible for labour of the proletariat or the workers to be exploited. The Nigerian capitalist system is an admixture of industry owners, the petty-bourgeoisie; executives, politicians and bureaucrats. For the industrialists as owners of the means of production, their stock in trade is to exploit the workers while the petty- bourgeoisie elected or appointed into offices to preside over the affairs of the state, employ the instruments of state coercion to suppress the masses by inventing policies that inhibit their well-being. Like the traditional bourgeoisie, the Nigerian industry owners and the petty-bourgeoisie exhibit the same attitude of the capitalists of the time Marx and Engels wrote. On the whole, they have turned themselves into ‘Lords of the Manor’ as they institute obnoxious policies and corrupt practices against the well-being of the masses leading to alienation, exploitation, pain/misery, frustration, disillusionment, hardship, hunger, deprivation, injustice and hopelessness, etc. This situation like what was obtainable in the …
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Zaato Matthew Nor, Ph.D; Ikechukwu Bartholomew Ekemezie, Ph.D
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

THE IGBO APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM “NWA BOY/IGBA BOI” AS A REFLECTION OF IGWEBUIKE PHILOSOPHY
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description: Among the Igbo people of southeastern Nigeria, one of the agelong means by which wealth is generated is the Igbo apprenticeship system, commonly known as “Nwa boy or igba boi”. This is a situation where a young boy or man is mentored in a particular trade by another person who is already well established in the trade for a specified period, after which he gives him the capital to start his trade. After this, the mentor goes on to train another person, and even the mentee later on becomes an Oga or mentor and begins to train others. In so doing, no one is left behind, and wealth is evenly distributed among the people. In light of this, this paper argues that the Igbo apprenticeship system is a perfect reflection of the Igwebuike Philosophy. Hence, the paper, adopting a critical analytical approach, attempts a critical reflective exploration of the Igbo Nwa boyi apprenticeship system and the Igwebuike Philosophy. The paper answers three core questions: What is Nwa Boy/ Igba Boi (Igbo apprenticeship)? What is Igwebuike's Philosophy? How does the Igbo apprenticeship system reflect the Igwebuike Philosophy? The paper relies on secondary sources such as books, online journal articles and the internet. The study is significant as it offers insight into the entrepreneurial mindset of the Igbo as seen in the “Nwa Boy” apprenticeship model and how it reflects the Igwebuike Philosophy.
subject: Articles
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creator: Dr. Ratzinger E. E. Nwobodo (Ph.D); Ikechukwu Bartholomew Ekemezie (Ph.D)
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

AN “ECOLOGICAL INTEGRATION: UNVEILLING THE VISION OF POPE FRANCIS’ LAUDATO SI AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN AFRICA”
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description: This paper explores the concept of ecological integration as articulated in Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si examining its implications for environmental stewardship in Africa. The research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing thematic analysis of key texts alongside case studies from various African contexts to identify the intersection of spirituality, ecology, and social justice. The central problem addressed is the escalating environmental degradation in Africa, exacerbated by poverty, industrialization, and climate change, which threatens both ecosystems and vulnerable communities. By integrating Francis’ vision of a holistic approach to ecology with local cultural practices and sustainable development initiatives, this study proposes actionable solutions. These include promoting community-led conservation efforts, fostering interfaith dialogues on environmental ethics, and implementing policies that prioritize ecological sustainability. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how Laudato Si can inspire effective environmental stewardship in Africa, advocating for a paradigm shift towards a more integrated and compassionate relationship with our planet.
subject: Articles
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creator: Inyamgim Austin Ntol; Ikechukwu Batholomew Ekemezie PhD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

UNBUNDLING METAPHYSICS AND METAPHYSICAL THINKING IN POSTMODERN REGIME
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description: The orientation derived from the doctrine and understanding of Being is that the more constantly it is interrogated, the more revolutionary reality becomes and the greater our appreciation of existence. This is to the extent that it becomes impossible to pin down or reduce the nature of things to this or that, as each attempt in doing that will always throw up a more compelling alternative begging for attention. This, has been the trajectory of the historical sojourn of metaphysics and metaphysical thinking. Finding reveals that the attempt to reduce the familiar, the convenient and the knowable to all there is, has made the unfamiliar, the inconvenient and the unknowable more compelling in exerting attention. Thus, the notion of metaphysics as the study of what is turns out to be the problematic in metaphysical thinking, as what is not becomes consigned into nothingness and this very act, invariably, continues to render what is not as object worthy of investigation in postmodern regime. On the strength of the foregoing issues, this paper, with the aid of phenomenology, seeks to unbundle the ossified notion of metaphysics as what is by revealing its compelling nature and different ways metaphysics and metaphysical thinking do radically manifest in human experience. The objective of the study is to rescue metaphysics from ossification and excessive abstraction which it is often accused of. This new dimension to metaphysics avails fresh opportunities for scholarship and societal progress As an exercise in postmodern thought, the paper submits that metaphysics is not only dynamic in nature, but also that everyone engages in it in one form or the other in the course of human daily rounds.
subject: Articles
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creator: Isaac Chidi Igwe, PhD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

HARNESSING THE FECUND DEPTHS OF HUMAN SUBJECTIVITY: A SELF RELIANCIST’S THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT
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description: No meaningful development ever happens outside considerable ingenuity of the self, stretched beyond the bounds of settled conveniency. With this understanding in view, this paper advances a developmental alternative theory for African states, one that is driven by the resilience of the human spirit. It speaks of the transformative powers of the self which lie within the human ontological constitution, although only comes into activity when called upon to do so. It is otherwise described in the paper as human subjectivity, the thinking power of man. But unlike other kinds of power, for instance, electric energy; the human subjective power is inexhaustible and unique. In other words, while electric power depreciates with each usage, the paper contends that the human subjective power gets nourished the more it is put into use. This fact is substantiated in the paper using the German speculative thought on the powers of a reawakened self directed towards social transformation and creative exercise. The significance of the discourse lies in its ability to orient the African states on the best alternative developmental theory, that is, a self-reliancist approach. Thus, the study benefits the developing nations, especially the African who often go cap in hand seeking foreign solutions to localized problems. The research adopts the analytic method of enquiry. However, against the risk of advancing an autarchic state situation, the paper takes cognizance of the fact that no state can absolutely be self-reliant without needing the other. But in needing the other, the self must not be subsumed in the process. It is for this reason that the paper in its final analysis recommends self-mastery as the starting point for the quest for the attainment of self-reliancist theory of development. It consequently submits that only a mastered self is capable of creating order and directing the state towards self-reliancist initiative.
subject: Articles
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creator: Isaac Chidi Igwe, Ph.D
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

Combating Radicalism and Violent Extremism in Local Communities: Perspectives and Practices
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description: There is no doubt; contemporary society is existentially challenged by myriad of security problems, particularly the upsurge in radical movements, world over. Against this backdrop, this paper reexamines the multifaceted perspectives associated with the phenomena of radicalism and violent extremism in modern social discourse. It underscores violent extremism as an anti-social belief in the use of radical extreme means in pursuant of a given ideological, religious or political objectives. In that order, the study establishes that the problems of radicalism and extremism have their roots in man and since man is the problem, he is also the solution. Findings reveal the admixture of structural, environmental, attitudinal and doctrinal factors as constituting the push, pull and contextual attraction to radicalism and violent extreme behaviours. Consequently, owing to these complex factors as driving forces, the research posits that proportionate military violence in combating extremism is highly necessary although not adequate when it comes to deradicalization and prevention. To strengthen the military option, the paper advocates; (i) government and community partnership, (ii) and a sustained culture of participation and inclusiveness both in deed and in words. In the final analysis, the unique contribution therein orbits around using the methods of inclusion and participation as complementary to the military alternative in the quest for deradicalization and prevention of violent extreme activities in local communities.
subject: Articles
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creator: Isaac Chidi Igwe, PhD
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

Egbe belu ugo belu: The Igbo-African Approach to the Principle of Letting-be in Martin Heidegger’s Philosophy
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description: The treatment of the principle of letting-be by Martin Heidegger, reveals an attempt to articulate an actionable attitude to guide human behaviour and conduct. Heidegger believes that man is often caught in the web of prejudices and the urge to dominate while relating with his object of experience. As such, this desire to always have our object of interaction produce a specific outcome often defines our relationship with phenomenon including fellow human beings; which in turn engenders conflict and crisis. In view of this, Heidegger makes a case for man to adopt a phenomenological attitude of letting-be of reality as it is, so that nature can yield freely without necessarily creating the kind of tension that is destructive to human civilization. While this paper agrees with the notion of letting-be as attitudinal disposition which allows reality to negotiate for meaning based on the attitude of openness, respect and recognition in a non-compelling manner, it however critiques its susceptibility to misconstruction and misapplication in human relations. Consequent upon this, the objective of the paper is to reinforce this principle with the Igbo African construct egbe belu ugo belu, nke si ibe ya ebelu ka nku kwa ya (literarily translated as; let the kite perch and let the eagle perch too, if one says no to the other, let its wing break). It ethically implies “live and let live”. The paper adopts the method of phenomenological investigation which insists on the rule of patience, respect and openness of mind towards the object of experience.
subject: Articles
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creator: Isaac Chidi Igwe
rights: Copyright (c) 2017
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

CONFIGURING A MORALITY-BASED LEADERSHIP THROUGH EDUCATION: TOWARDS A VALUE-ORIENTED NATION-BUILDING IN NIGERIA
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description: Every nation is a conglomeration of people of different cultural traits and backgrounds. Such traits develop from family, through kindred, village, town and State before it finally culminates in what is regarded as a nation. However, the proper harnessing of the fruit of these diversities creates a beautiful atmosphere for growth in all its ramifications. But this harnessing is not done in vacuo, that is why it demands that some people will have to be chosen to assume leadership roles in order to pilot the affairs of the nation. The leadership of any nation reflects how and where the growth of the nation is tilted. Based on that, it is important that the leadership have a strong moral base in order to withstand the storms of challenges that could buffet the ship of the administrative structure in the process of nation-building. When such background is created, it will go a long way in guaranteeing an art of nation-building that is solidly oriented towards the promotion of values that will move the nation positively forward. Against this backdrop, the researcher has exposed how far the leadership of Nigeria has positively progressed in the art of building the nation. Has the leadership any robust moral foundation? Are the leaders value-oriented in decision-making? The researcher employed an expository approach in order to examine the situation through the help of literary sources. On the other hand, analytic method was used for a critical evaluation of the facts and proffering of fruitful recommendations.
subject: Articles
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creator: Evaristus Ifeanacho
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04

MURAL ARTS IN ANAMBRA STATE-NIGERIA: IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED STREET ARTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO NATION- BUILDING
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description: In recent times, mural arts have become increasingly popular urban arts, attracting attention both locally and internationally. Murals can create a sense of community, beautify urban spaces, express historical and cultural identity, raise awareness about social issues, and inspire creativity and wonder but its impact in nation-building in Anambra State has remained the major drawback to this study. This research therefore investigates mural arts in some selected street arts in Anambra State and seeks to assess their impact, contributions and challenges to nation-building. The study adopts a narrative and case study techniques as approaches to qualitative research method; analyzes some selected street arts in Anambra state such as Bridge-Head Onisha, Nibo and Aroma Flyover Awka and tries to identify some of the recurring themes, symbols, and messages associated with these arts in nation-building. Also, personal observations, insights, and interviews with artist(s) involved in the creation and maintenance of these murals on nation building were highlighted and discovered that murals can foster a sense of identity and cultural appreciation among citizens by creating a positive urban art environment in the state. The study therefore recommends that mural arts are viable tools that can influence how individuals perceive and understand their surroundings, fostering a sense of pride, belonging, and patriotism.
subject: Articles
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creator: Kosy Anulika Okafor
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2026-08-03
publication date: 2026-08-03

THE PLAYWRIGHT IN A STATE OF TERROR: A CRITICAL ANALYSES OF TWO SELECTED PLAYS
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description: For several years, the problems confronting the nations of the world in general and Nigeria in particular have been reduced to economics, politics, and incessant terrorist attacks. Such plays like Asigbo’s – The Reign of Pascal Amusu; and Rotimi’s If… support this claim. However, for the artist to remain relevant in Nigeria’s socio-cultural and political environment, the artist must first be relevant to the society, for as long as that society exists. He must change with the times. He must understand and have factual knowledge of his immediate society and most importantly, be in a position to wage war against continuous terrorist activities through his/her creative works. It is in fact the Playwright’s sense of duty to think outside the boundaries of acceptable opinion and dare to audaciously say things which no one else would dare to say. This is where the media fails sometimes; recalling the events of 9/11 where the media continually failed in its job to serve as investigator that is charged with the task of thinking outside the box and conscientizing society. Based on this outlook, this research paper seeks to critically examine the role of the Playwright in a State of Terror and discovers that the transcendent nature of theatre as an art, not only shows us the beauty of everyday life, but can also go beyond everyday politics and media publicity to critically address the problems of the day. By way of example, the selected plays reflect the various ways through which the Playwright exposes terrorism and responds to the atrocities of terror in the Nigeria space. In the end, it is the Playwright who triumphs over the conventional wisdom and challenges the reader/spectator to do the same.
subject: Articles
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creator: Kosy Anulika Okafor Ph.D.; Alex C. Asigbo Ph.D
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-08-03
publication date: 2026-08-03

SEXUALITY AND WOMANHOOD IN SELECTED NIGERIAN FILMS
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description: There appears to be a high rate of negative stereotyping of women’s sexuality, behavior, interests, skills and self-perceptions in the narratives of the Nigerian films. Regardless of women’s increasing active roles in nation building and development in the Nigerian society, women are yet to be represented appropriately in the actions and dialogue of these video films which are exploitative of womanhood and therefore do not represent an ideal picture of African women. This paper thus investigates sexuality and womanhood in Nigerian films anchoring on Laura Mulvey’s- Feminist Film Theory to analyze specifically Chinwe Egwuagu’s ‘Mr and Mrs.’ (2012), Emem Isong’s and Ini Edo’s ‘Knocking on Heaven’s Door’(2014), Moreno Paul’s ‘Ije – The Journey’ (2012). The findings show that women were generally portrayed in the movies as objects of sex appeal for men, the weaker sex, domestic servants, the wicked mother in laws and working-class women as insubordinate wives and uncaring mothers, among others. The paper therefore concludes by acknowledging that women should be portrayed in positive roles in order to avoid these negative misconceptions in the larger Nigerian socio-cultural environment.
subject: Articles
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creator: Anulika Kosy Okafor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-08-03
publication date: 2026-08-03

Effective Prosthetics Artistry and Character Costuming in Nollywood Films: Challenges of the Nollywood Designers
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description: Over the years, studies in prosthetic artistry and costuming in Nollywood films have been used to strike the right balance between visual spectacle and narrative impact. Being that narrative coherence is essential in Nollywood's storytelling thus, these effects have helped to create a major impact on the characters’ appearance and believability. Although one of the essential parts of the visual aspect of modern cinema, but the inability of the Nollywood designers to seamlessly integrate prosthetic artistry and character costuming that improves on the visual elements of Nollywood films forms the major drawback to this research study. Based on this outlook, the paper investigates prosthetics and character costuming in Nollywood video films and seeks to determine the challenges faced by Nollywood designers in achieving effective prosthetic artistry and character costuming. The paper through a critical analysis and two randomly selected Nigerian Video films- Biyi Bandele’s Blood Sisters (2022), and Inawadolu Greg’s Egwonga - the deadly god (2013) explores how Nollywood designers integrate prosthetics artistry and costume design within the vibrant landscape of Nollywood narratives. However, the paper discovers that Nollywood designers are faced with myriad problems such as striking a balance between spectacle and authenticity in historically informed films, budget and time constraints, lack of technical advancements and innovations, limited resources, etc. The paper therefore concludes that achieving effective prosthetics artistry and character costuming in Nollywood films will set the stage for an intriguing analysis, creativity, resourcefulness, and impacts on extravagant cultural expression and authenticity.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Kosy Anulika Okafor
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2026-08-03
publication date: 2026-08-03